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大规模类脑计算系统BiCoSS: 架构、实现及应用

杨双鸣 郝新宇 王江 李会艳 魏熙乐 于海涛 邓斌

杨双鸣, 郝新宇, 王江, 李会艳, 魏熙乐, 于海涛, 邓斌. 大规模类脑计算系统BiCoSS: 架构、实现及应用. 自动化学报, 2021, 47(9): 2154−2169 doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c190035
引用本文: 杨双鸣, 郝新宇, 王江, 李会艳, 魏熙乐, 于海涛, 邓斌. 大规模类脑计算系统BiCoSS: 架构、实现及应用. 自动化学报, 2021, 47(9): 2154−2169 doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c190035
Yang Shuang-Ming, Hao Xin-Yu, Wang Jiang, Li Hui-Yan, Wei Xi-Le, Yu Hai-Tao, Deng Bin. Large-scale brain-inspired computing system BiCoSS: Its architecture, implementation and application. Acta Automatica Sinica, 2021, 47(9): 2154−2169 doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c190035
Citation: Yang Shuang-Ming, Hao Xin-Yu, Wang Jiang, Li Hui-Yan, Wei Xi-Le, Yu Hai-Tao, Deng Bin. Large-scale brain-inspired computing system BiCoSS: Its architecture, implementation and application. Acta Automatica Sinica, 2021, 47(9): 2154−2169 doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c190035

大规模类脑计算系统BiCoSS: 架构、实现及应用

doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c190035
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(61871287, 61671320, 61601320, 61771330, 62071324, 62006170), 中国博士后科学基金(2021T140510, 2020M680885), 天津市自然科学基金(18JCZDJC32000)资助
详细信息
    作者简介:

    杨双鸣:天津大学电气自动化与信息工程学院讲师. 主要研究方向为类脑计算, 人工智能与深度学习. E-mail: yangshuangming@tju.edu.cn

    郝新宇:天津大学电气自动化与信息工程学院博士研究生. 主要研究方向为神经计算及FPGA实现. E-mail: haoxy@tju.edu.cn

    王江:天津大学电气自动化与信息工程学院教授. 主要研究方向为神经控制工程与神经科学. E-mail: jiangwang@tju.edu.cn

    李会艳:天津职业技术师范大学自动化与电气工程学院教授. 主要研究方向为非线性系统与神经网络. E-mail: lhy2740@126.com

    魏熙乐:天津大学电气自动化与信息工程学院教授. 主要研究方向为神经控制工程与无创式脑调制技术. E-mail: xilewei@tju.edu.cn

    于海涛:天津大学电气自动化与信息工程学院副教授. 主要研究方向为神经系统建模与动力学分析. E-mail: htyu@tju.edu.cn

    邓斌:天津大学电气自动化与信息工程学院教授. 主要研究方向为神经计算及其非线性动力学分析. 本文通信作者. E-mail: dengbin@tju.edu.cn

Large-scale Brain-inspired Computing System BiCoSS: Its Architecture, Implementation and Application

Funds: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (61871287, 61671320, 61601320, 61771330, 62071324, 62006170), Cina Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2021T140510, 2020M680885), and Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin, China (18JCZDJC32000)
More Information
    Author Bio:

    YANG Shuang-Ming Lecturer at the School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University. His research interest covers brain-inspired computing, artificial intelligence, and deep learning

    HAO Xin-Yu Ph.D. candidate at the School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University. His research interest covers neural computing and its FPGA implementation

    WANG Jiang Professor at the School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University. His research interest covers neural control engineering and neuroscience

    LI Hui-Yan Professor at the School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology and Education. Her research interest covers nonlinear systems and neural networks

    WEI Xi-Le Professor at the School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University. His research interest covers neural control engineering and noninvasive brain modulation technology

    YU Hai-Tao Associate professor at the School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University. His research interest covers neural system modeling and dynamics analysis

    DENG Bin Professor at the School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University. His research interest covers neural computing and nonlinear dynamics analysis. Corresponding author of this paper

  • 摘要: 人脑具有协同多种认知功能的能力与极强的自主学习能力, 随着脑与神经科学的快速发展, 亟需计算结构模拟人脑的、性能更强大的计算平台进行人脑智能与认知行为机制的进一步探索. 受人脑神经机制的启发, 本文提出了基于神经认知计算架构的众核类脑计算系统BiCoSS, 该系统以并行计算的现场可编程门阵列(Field-programmable gate array, FPGA)为核心处理器, 以地址事件表达的神经放电作为信息传递载体, 以具有认知计算功能的神经元作为信息处理单元, 实现了四百万神经元数量级大规模神经元网络认知行为的实时计算, 填补了从细胞动力学层面理解人脑认知功能的鸿沟. 实验结果从计算能力、计算效率、功耗、通信效率、可扩展性等方面显示了BiCoSS系统的优越性能. BiCoSS通过人脑信息处理的计算架构以更贴近神经科学本质的模式实现了类脑智能; 同时, BiCoSS为神经认知和类脑计算的研究和应用提供了新的有效手段.
    1)  收稿日期 2019-01-14 录用日期 2019-06-06 Manuscript received January 14, 2019; accepted June 6, 2019 国家自然科学基金(61871287, 61671320, 61601320, 61771330, 62071324, 62006170), 中国博士后科学基金(2021T140510, 2020M680885), 天津市自然科学基金(18JCZDJC32000)资助 Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (61871287, 61671320, 61601320, 61771330, 62071324, 62006170), Cina Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2021T140510, 2020M680885), and Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin, China (18JCZDJC32000) 本文责任编委 曾志刚 Recommended by Associate Editor ZENG Zhi-Gang 1. 天津大学电气自动化与信息工程学院 天津 300072 2. 天津职业技术师范大学自动化与电气工程学院 天津 300222 1. School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin
    2)  University, Tianjin 300072 2. School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology and Educations, Tianjin 300222
  • 图  1  BiCoSS系统架构

    Fig.  1  System architecture of BiCoSS

    图  2  BiCoSS系统实物图

    Fig.  2  Physical map of BiCoSS

    图  3  BiCoSS系统神经元网络计算架构

    Fig.  3  Neural network computing architecture of BiCoSS system

    图  4  BiCoSS系统神经元与突触计算模块架构

    Fig.  4  Neuron and synapse computing architecture of BiCoSS system

    图  5  生物启发的神经元网络放电行为与突触可塑性

    Fig.  5  Spiking activities of biologically inspired neuron model and STDP characteristics

    图  6  BiCoSS系统的神经放电信息路由

    Fig.  6  Spike information routing of BiCoSS system

    图  7  模型实现的性能分析

    Fig.  7  Analysis performance of model implementation

    图  8  BiCoSS系统性能分析

    Fig.  8  Performance analysis of BiCoSS system

    图  9  BiCoSS系统神经元网络单元平均延迟

    Fig.  9  Average latency of neural network unit on BiCoSS

    图  10  实验系统实物图与计算结果

    Fig.  10  Experimental setup of BiCoSS system and computing results

    图  11  基于BiCoSS系统的认知计算

    Fig.  11  Cognition computing based on BiCoSS system

    表  1  当前路由器相关地址编码

    Table  1  The address coding of the current router

    当前节点子节点邻居节点父节点负责神经计算单元
    001, 0000001, 0100010, 00000000; 0001, 0010; 0011
    001, 0100001, 0100010, 00000000; 0001, 0010; 0011
    001, 1000001, 0100010, 00000000; 0001, 0010; 0011
    001, 1100001, 0100010, 00000000; 0001, 0010; 0011
    010, 0000001, 0100010, 00000000; 0001, 0010; 0011
    010, 1000001, 0100010, 00000000; 0001, 0010; 0011
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  与当前代表性大规模类脑计算系统比较

    Table  2  The comparison with the state-of-the art large-scale brain-inspired computing systems

    类脑计算系统实现模型学习规模扩展性
    BrainScaleS[24]模拟AIFSTDP4 MN2
    Truenorth[5]数字LIF1 MN2
    Neurogrid[22]混合QIF1 M2$^{N}$
    SpiNNaker[21]数字任意STDP1 BN2
    LaCSNN[28]数字任意STDP1 MN2
    BlueHive[30]数字任意64 kN2
    IFAT[31]模拟LIF65 k2$^{N}$
    HiAER[29]模拟LIF1 M2$^{N}$
    BiCoSS 数字任意STDP4 M4$\cdot $2$^{N}$
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  基底核模型中不同细胞的参数值

    Table  3  Parameter values of different cells in the basal ganglia model

    参数GPeGPiSTN
    $a$0.10.10.005
    $b$0.20.20.265
    $c$−65−65−65
    $d$221.5
    $I^{x}$(nA)101030
    $E_{ {\rm{AMPA} } }$(mV)000
    $E_{ {\rm{NMDA} } }$(mV)000
    $E_{ {\rm{GABA} } }$(mV)−60−60−60
    ${\tau }_{ {\rm{AMPA} } }$(ms)666
    ${\tau }_{{\rm{NMDA}}}$(ms)160160160
    ${\tau }_{{\rm{GABA}}}$(ms)444
    $W_{{\rm{Str}}D2\to GPe}$0.8
    $W_{{\rm{Str}}D1\to GPi}$1
    $W_{{\rm{STN}}\to GPi}$1.15
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  小脑模型中不同细胞的参数值

    Table  4  Parameter values of different cerebellar cells

    GRGOPCBSVNIO
    $\theta $(mV)−35−52−55−55−38−50
    $C$(pF)3.128106107122.310
    $G_{{\rm{leak}}}$(nS)0.432.32.322.321.630.67
    $E_{{\rm{leak}}}$(mV)−58−55−68−68−56−60
    $G_{{\rm{exc1}}}$(nS)0.158436.411331
    $G_{{\rm{exc2}}}$(nS)0.02163.00317
    $G_{{\rm{exc3}}}$(nS)6.097
    ${\tau }_{{\rm{exc1}}}$(ms)1.21.58.38.39.910
    ${\tau }_{{\rm{exc2}}}$(ms)523130.6
    ${\tau }_{{\rm{exc3}}}$(ms)170
    $E_{{\rm{exc}}}$(mV)000000
    $G_{{\rm{inh1}}}$(nS)0.0121300.18
    $G_{{\rm{inh2}}}$(nS)0.016
    ${\tau }_{{\rm{inh1}}}$(ms)71042.310
    ${\tau }_{{\rm{inh2}}}$(ms)59
    $E_{{\rm{inh}}}$(mV)−82−75−88−75
    $G_{{\rm{ahp}}}$(nS)1201001501
    $E_{{\rm{ahp}}}$(mV)−82−72.7−70−70−70−75
    ${\tau }_{{\rm{ahp}}}$(ms)5552.52.510
    $I$(nA)250700
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  皮层−基底核−丘脑皮层模型中不同神经元的参数值

    Table  5  Parameter values of different cells in the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamocortical model

    $a$$b$$c$$d$$I_{{\rm{app}}}$(pA)
    GPe0.0050.585−65410
    GPi0.0050.585−65410
    STN0.0060.262−6525
    TC0.0020.2−6520
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  皮层−基底核−丘脑皮层模型网络连接权重

    Table  6  Parameter values of synaptic coupling weight in the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamocortical model

    源节点$\to $目的节点突触连接权重$g_{ij}$
    GPe$\to $GPe0.075 + $g_{{\rm{inc}}}$
    GPe$\to $STN0.025 + $g_{{\rm{inc}}}$
    GPe$\to $GPi0.015 + $g_{{\rm{inc}}}$
    STN$\to $GPe0.075 + $g_{{\rm{inc}}}$
    STN$\to $GPi0.01 + $5g_{ {\rm{inc} } }$
    GPi$\to $TC0.01 + $5g_{ {\rm{inc} } }$
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2019-01-14
  • 录用日期:  2019-06-06
  • 网络出版日期:  2021-07-26
  • 刊出日期:  2021-10-13

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