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基于高斯混合模型的DCT域水印检测方法

林晓丹

林晓丹. 基于高斯混合模型的DCT域水印检测方法. 自动化学报, 2012, 38(9): 1445-1448. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1004.2012.01445
引用本文: 林晓丹. 基于高斯混合模型的DCT域水印检测方法. 自动化学报, 2012, 38(9): 1445-1448. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1004.2012.01445
LIN Xiao-Dan. DCT-domain Watermark Detection Using Gaussian Mixture Model. ACTA AUTOMATICA SINICA, 2012, 38(9): 1445-1448. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1004.2012.01445
Citation: LIN Xiao-Dan. DCT-domain Watermark Detection Using Gaussian Mixture Model. ACTA AUTOMATICA SINICA, 2012, 38(9): 1445-1448. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1004.2012.01445

基于高斯混合模型的DCT域水印检测方法

doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1004.2012.01445

DCT-domain Watermark Detection Using Gaussian Mixture Model

  • 摘要: 基于音频DCT系数的统计特征,提出了一种水印检测方法.采用扩频的方法在DCT域嵌入水印, 分别对嵌入水印和未包含水印的音频信号在DCT域进行统计学习,得到对应的高斯混合模型(Gaussian mixture model, GMM). 接收端采用最大似然检测,判断是否嵌入水印并提取相应的水印信息. 仿真结果表明本文的水印检测算法对常见的信号攻击具有鲁棒性,与传统的相关检测法相比,检测可靠性更高.
  • [1] Bassia P, Pitas I, Nikolaidis N. Robust audio watermarking in the time domain. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, 2001, 3(2): 232-241[2] Kim H J, Kim T, Yeo I K. A robust audio watermarking scheme. In: Proceedings of the 2004 International Symposium on Circuits and Systems. Vancouver, Canada: IEEE, 2004. 696-699[3] Wang Xiang-Yang, Niu Pan-Pan. A content-based digital audio watermarking scheme. Acta Automatica Sinica, 2008, 34(8): 1001-1003(王向阳, 牛盼盼. 基于音频统计特性的数字水印嵌入算法. 自动化学报, 2008, 34(8): 1001-1003)[4] Zhang L, Chen L M, Qian G B. Self-synchronization adaptive blind audio watermarking. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Multi-Media Modelling Conference. Beijing, China: IEEE, 2006. 381-384[5] Sun Zhong-Wei, Zhu Yan, Feng Deng-Guo. Performance analysis of DCT-domain watermark detection based on local optimum detection. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2005, 33(5): 864-867(孙中伟, 朱岩, 冯登国. DCT域图像水印的局部优化检测性能研究. 电子学报, 2005, 33(5): 864-867)[6] Fan Jun-Feng, Zhao You-Jun, Di Lan-Zhen. An adaptive watermarking scheme based on general Gauss distribution model of wavelet coefficients. Microelectronics and Computer, 2003, 23(5): 160-162(范俊峰, 赵友军, 邸兰振. 基于广义高斯分布模型的小波域自适应盲水印方案. 微电子学与计算机, 2003, 23(5): 160-162)[7] Duan F B, Wang Y. A nonlinear detector for optimal DCT-domain watermark detection. In: Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering. Wuhan, China: IEEE, 2010. 176-178[8] Sun Z W, Ma J. DWT-domain watermark detection using Gaussian mixture model with automated model selection. In: Proceedings of the 2009 International Symposium on Computer Network and Multimedia Technology. Wuhan, China: IEEE, 2009. 1-4[9] Lu W M, Li W Q, Safavi-Naini R, Ogunbona P. Optimal image watermark decoding. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. New York: Springer, 2006. 141-149[10] Xu Zi-Han, Wang Xiang-Yang. An SVR based image watermarking detection algorithm against geometric attacks. Acta Automatica Sinica, 2009, 35(1): 23-27(徐紫涵, 王向阳. 可有效抵抗一般性几何攻击的数字水印检测方法. 自动化学报, 2009, 35(1): 23-27)[11] Zhang X M. Segmenting histogram-based robust audio watermarking approach. Journal of Software, 2008, 3(9): 3-11[12] Malik H, Khokhar A, Ansari R. Improved watermark detection for spread-spectrum based watermarking using independent component analysis. In: Proceedings of the 5th ACM Workshop on Digital Rights Management. Alexandria, USA: ACM, 2005. 102-111[13] Li L, Fang X. New detection scheme for spread spectrum audio watermarking. In: Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Information Security. Beijing, China: IEEE, 2010. 330-334[14] Dempster A P, Land N M, Rubin D B. Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B, 1977, 39(1): 1-38[15] Steinebach M, Petitcolas F A P, Raynal F, Dittmann J, Fontaine C, Seibel S, Fontaine C, Seibel S, Fates N, Ferri L C. StirMark benchmark: audio watermarking attacks. In: Proceedings of the 2001 International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing. Las Vegas, USA: IEEE, 2001. 49-54
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2011-07-28
  • 修回日期:  2011-11-10
  • 刊出日期:  2012-09-20

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