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摘要: 多机协同围捕作为多机器人协同领域的一项重要分支, 着重研究多个机器人通过相互协作对动态可疑目标实现有效的追踪与围捕, 在军事侦查、紧急救援、协同探测等领域具有重要的研究意义与实际应用价值. 首先通过国内外科学引文数据库对多机协同围捕领域相关的文献进行全面检索, 深入剖析目前该领域前沿技术的发展现状与研究热点. 接下来从理论与技术层面分别针对多机协同围捕领域中的目标协同搜索、多机任务分配、协同围捕控制等方面进行全面总结, 重点阐述各研究内容常用方法与技术的工作原理、优缺点及适用范围等. 最后对该领域的发展现状进行总结, 并分析探讨目前尚未解决的难点, 对未来的发展方向提出展望.Abstract: As a significant branch of multi-robot coordination, multi-robot cooperative hunting mainly focuses on tracking and capturing dynamic suspicious targets effectively through cooperation. It has important significance and has been applied in various fields, such as military reconnaissance, emergency rescue, and collaborative detection. This paper conducts a comprehensive search of relevant literature in the field of multi-robot cooperative hunting through domestic and foreign scientific citation databases. It then thoroughly analyzes the current development status and research hotspots of frontier technologies in this field. Following this, the paper offers a thorough summary of research in the field of multi-robot cooperative hunting, covering theoretical and technical aspects, which concentrates on target cooperative search, multi-robot task allocation, and cooperative hunting control, etc.. The working principles, advantages, disadvantages, and application ranges of commonly used methods and technologies in each research aspect are introduced in detail. Finally, this paper summarizes the current state of development and unresolved challenges in this field, and suggests potential directions for future development.
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表 1 多机协同搜索方法总结
Table 1 Summary of multi-robot cooperative search methods
表 2 围捕机器人常见运动学与动力学约束
Table 2 Common kinematic and dynamic constraints of hunting robots
运动学与动力学约束 约束描述 最小、最大运动速度约束 围捕机器人速度须介于最小速度和最大速度之间 最小、最大运动加速度约束 围捕机器人加速度须介于最小加速度和最大加速度之间 最小步长约束 围捕机器人轨迹从当前状态到改变行进方向的下一状态之间的直线运动距离须大于最小步长 最小转弯半径约束 围捕机器人轨迹的转弯半径须大于最小转弯半径 最大航偏角约束 围捕机器人运动过程中的航偏角须小于最大航偏角 表 3 多机器人协同围捕任务分配方法总结
Table 3 Summary of multi-robot cooperative hunting task allocation methods
任务分配算法 架构特点 优点 缺点 贪婪算法[91] 集中式 实时性高, 简单易实现 局部最优解, “死锁”分配 匈牙利算法[74−75] 集中式 效率高, 局部最优解, 简单易实现 不适合大规模任务分配场景, 只适合一对一分配 遗传算法[81] 集中式 全局搜索能力, 适应性和鲁棒性, 并行性 计算成本高, 难以收敛, 参数设置敏感, 编码方式选择困难 粒子群算法[88, 90] 集中式 快速收敛, 简单易实现, 适应性强 过早收敛, 参数敏感 契约合同网络方法[95−96] 分布式 分布式协作, 动态灵活性, 适应性 高复杂性和通讯开销大, 信任建立和信息共享困难 拍卖算法[106−107] 分布式 分布式协作, 灵活性, 任务动态调整 竞争激烈可能导致效率下降, 存在信息不对称, 对于大规模问题不再适用 表 4 生物启发式神经网络方法分析
Table 4 Biologically inspired neural network method analysis
领域 内容 优点 缺点 路径规划[125−126, 128] 解决机器人路径规划、防碰撞问题 实时性好 仅适用于二维平面 多机围捕[137] 首次将围捕问题与生物神经网络模型对应 兼顾围捕任务目标搜索、任务分配过程 模型设计复杂 路径规划[129] 引入假想非障碍物相邻点, 考虑转角因素 解决路径错判问题 计算效率低 路径规划[130] 模型考虑相邻神经元权值影响 使模型更具网络特性 增加碰撞检测计算节点 路径规划[131−132] 决策项考虑洋流影响 使方法更贴合实际环境 缺乏高效任务分配方法 多机围捕[133−134] 决策项考虑洋流影响 使方法更贴合实际环境 规划路径可能并非最优解 多机围捕[135] 设计基于协商思想的任务分配方法 增加围捕任务效率 仅适用于低维环境 多机围捕[136] 将方法拓展至三维环境 增强方法的可拓展性 奖励函数设计复杂、计算效率低 -
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