Research on a Latency Upper-bound Analysis Model Based on Network Calculus in Time-sensitive Networking
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摘要: 时间敏感网络(Time-sensitive networking, TSN)作为一种新兴工业通信技术, 能够为工业控制业务提供高可靠及确定性时延保障. 针对时间敏感网络在工业场景中广泛采用的时间感知整形(Time-aware shaper, TAS)机制, 提出一种基于网络演算的时延上界分析模型, 对多节点组网下端到端时延上界进行定量分析, 用以评估门控 (Gate control list, GCL)设置是否满足业务服务质量(Quality of service, QoS)需求, 有助于简化多节点组网场景下门控设置复杂度. 模型仿真部分对影响端到端时延的主要因素进行了对比分析, 并通过OMNeT++ 实时仿真验证了所提出时延上界分析模型的有效性.Abstract: As an emerging technology of industrial communication, time-sensitive networking (TSN) can provide high reliability and deterministic latency guarantee for industrial control traffics. This article proposes a latency upper-bound analysis model based on network calculus for time-aware shaper (TAS) widely used in TSN. The proposed model gives an explicit analysis for upper-bound of the end-to-end latency under multiple TSN-node networking scenarios, which can be used to evaluate the quality of service (QoS)-guarantee performance of the current gate control list (GCL) setting, as well as to help to simplify the complexity of GCL setting. In the model simulation part, the main factors affecting the end-to-end latency are compared and analyzed, and the validity of the latency upper-bound given by the proposed model is verified with OMNeT++.
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图 1 基于网络演算的性能指标分析
Fig. 1 The performance indicators analysis based on network calculus
图 4 低优先级队列干扰时的门控形式
Fig. 4 The gate control setting under the interference from the low-priority queue
图 5 来自高优先级队列干扰的4种门控设置场景
Fig. 5 Four scenes of the gate control setting under the interference from the high-priority queue
图 12 SW1高优先级业务流的 “到达−服务曲线” 模型
Fig. 12 The “arrival-service curve” model of the high-priority traffic at SW1
图 13 SW2高优先级业务流的 “到达−服务曲线” 模型
Fig. 13 The “arrival-service curve” model of the high-priority traffic at SW2
图 16 高优先级业务流端到端时延分布统计
Fig. 16 The end-to-end delay distribution statistics of the high-priority traffic
表 1 基本参数符号
Table 1 Basic parameter symbols
符号 符号含义 $f$ 业务流 $p_f$ 业务流优先级 $T_f$ 业务流到达周期 $M$ 队列集合 $p_m$ 队列优先级 $T_m$ 队列门控周期 $T_{\rm GCL}$ GCL超周期 $G_m(t)$ 门控状态 $t^{o, i}$ 第$i$个门控窗口的开启时间 $t^{c, i}$ 第$i$个门控窗口的关闭时间 $l^{\max}$ 数据帧的最大长度 $C_{\rm out}$ 数据帧出队时的转发速率 $\overline{L}^{i}$ 门控窗口的保证服务时隙 $o^{j, i}$ 不同门控窗口之间的相对偏移量 $S^{i}$ 最大等待时间 $t_{up}$ 时延分布值上界 
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表 2 仿真参数设定
Table 2 Simulation parameters setting
参数 大小 数据帧长度 400 Bytes 发送速率 1 Gb/s 链路传播时延 0.1 μs 交换机处理时延 5 μs
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表 3 业务流信息定义
Table 3 The traffic information definition
业务流 发送源端 周期T (μs) 到达时间$t_0$(μs) 高优先级 ES1 100 40 ES2 80 ES5 20
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表 4 SW1的GCL定义
Table 4 The GCL definition of SW1
交换机 优先级队列 组别 初始门控开闭时间(μs) 门控周期(μs) 开 关 SW1 高 1 20 60 150 2 20 60 3 20 60 4 20 70 5 10 50 中 1 45 80 150 2 60 95 3 40 75 4 55 90 5 35 70 低 1 10 25 150 2 5 20 3 15 30 4 10 25 5 0 15
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表 5 SW2的GCL定义
Table 5 The GCL definition of SW2
交换机 优先级队列 组别 初始门控开闭时间(μs) 门控周期(μs) 开 关 SW2 高 1 60 100 150 2 60 100 3 60 100 4 60 110 5 50 90 中 1 45 70 150 2 35 60 3 50 75 4 45 70 5 35 60 低 1 95 110 150 2 100 115 3 90 105 4 105 120 5 85 100
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表 6 各交换机WCD的上界
Table 6 The upper-bound of WCD at each switch
业务流 组别 WCD的上界(μs) SW1 SW2 高优先级 1 82.9 124.7 2 76.5 119.7 3 82.9 126.1 4 72.9 114.7 5 82.9 124.7
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表 7 组别1各交换机内部时延
Table 7 The internal delay of each switch in the group 1
交换机 交换机内部时延(μs) 时延上界 处理时延 总时延$t_{\mathrm{SW}}$ SW1 82.9 5 87.9 SW2 124.7 5 129.7
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表 8 中、低优先级业务流参数配置
Table 8 The parameter configuration of the medium and low priority traffic
业务流 发送源端 周期T (μs) 到达时间$t_0$ (μs) 中优先级 ES3 150 40 低优先级 ES4 200 15
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