综合集成研讨厅体系起源、发展现状与趋势

王丹力; 郑楠; 刘成林

doi:10.16383/j.aas.c210062

综合集成研讨厅体系起源、发展现状与趋势

doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c210062

王丹力^{1, 2,},
郑楠^{1, 2},
刘成林^{2, 3,}

1.
中国科学院自动化研究所复杂系统管理与控制国家重点实验室北京 100190
2.
中国科学院自动化研究所模式识别国家重点实验室北京 100190
3.
中国科学院大学人工智能学院北京 100049

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(61872363), 北京市自然基金委—北京市教委联合项目(21JD0044), 中国科学院自动化研究所基础科研项目(Y9J2FZ0801), 中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA27000000)资助

详细信息

作者简介:
王丹力：中国科学院自动化研究所研究员. 主要研究方向为复杂系统, 综合集成, 数据挖掘, 群体智能, 人机交互, 生理计算. E-mail: danli.wang@ia.ac.cn

郑楠：中国科学院自动化研究所复杂系统管理与控制国家重点实验室副研究员. 主要研究方向为复杂系统, 综合集成, 数据挖掘, 个性化推荐. 本文通信作者. E-mail: nan.zheng@ia.ac.cn

刘成林：中国科学院自动化研究所模式识别国家重点实验室研究员, 主任. 主要研究方向为模式识别, 机器学习, 视觉大数据处理. E-mail: liucl@nlpr.ia.ac.cn

计量
- 文章访问数: 2158
- HTML全文浏览量: 930
- PDF下载量: 471
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-01-20
- 网络出版日期: 2021-05-30
- 刊出日期: 2021-08-20

Hall for Workshop of Metasynthetic Engineering: The Origin, Development Status and Future

WANG Dan-Li^{1, 2
,},
ZHENG Nan^{1, 2},
LIU Cheng-Lin^{2, 3
,}

1.
The State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190
2.
National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190
3.
School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

Funds: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (61872363), Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (21JD0044), the Research and Development Fund of Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Y9J2FZ0801), the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA27000000)

More Information

Author Bio:
WANG Dan-Li　Professor at the State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Her research interest covers complex systems, metasynthesis, data mining, group intelligence, human interaction, and psychosomatic computation

ZHENG Nan　Associate professor at the State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Her research interest covers complex systems, metasynthesis, data mining and personalized recommendations. Corresponding author of this paper

LIU Cheng-Lin　Professor and director of National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation of Chinese Academy of Sciences. His research interest covers pattern recognition, machine learning, and big visual data processing

摘要

摘要:
20世纪80年代前后, 国外学术界开始了复杂性与复杂系统的研究. 与此同时, 以钱学森为代表的一批中国学者也开展了与此相关的系统科学和开放的复杂巨系统的研究, 开创性地提出了综合集成法, 进一步发展为综合集成研讨厅体系, 并取得了一些成功应用. 但是由于当时人们对综合集成研讨厅体系的认识不足, 以及技术条件所限, 其应用受到了限制. 随着思维科学/认知科学、系统科学和信息技术、计算机技术、网络通信技术巨大进步, 特别是近年来大数据、云计算、人工智能的飞速发展, 出现了越来越多的复杂巨系统, 亟待有效方法来处理这类问题. 在此背景下, 综合集成研讨厅体系又获得广泛关注. 本文回顾了综合集成研讨厅体系产生和发展的重要历程, 分析了其典型案例, 介绍了国内外的相关研究进展, 最后提出了未来发展的几个方向. 本文力图为从事复杂巨系统研究和实践的相关人员提供理论方法指导和工程范例.
- 复杂性 /
- 复杂系统 /
- 综合集成 /
- 综合集成研讨厅体系
Abstract:
Around the 1980s, the international academia began to study complexity and complex systems. At the same time, a group of Chinese scientists represented by Qian Xue-Sen also carried out research on system science and open complex giant systems (OCGSs). They proposed the innovative methodology of metasynthesis, and further developed to hall for workshop of metasynthetic engineering. In early days, although this method had some successful applications, due to people＇ s insufficient understanding of the metasynthesis and the limitation of technical condition, metasynthesis was not widely used. In recent years, with the tremendous progress of noetic science/cognitive science, system science and information technology, computing technology, and network communication technology, especially the rapid development of big data, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence, more and more OCGSs have appeared and urgently need effective methods to process. In this context, metasynthesis has re-gained widespread attention. This article reviews the history of the generation and development of metasynthesis, analyzes typical cases of this method, introduces related research progress, and finally, proposes several future development directions. This article strives to provide theoretical guidance and engineering examples for those involved in the research and practice of OCGSs.
- Complexity /
- complex system /
- metasynthesis /
- hall for workshop of metasynthetic engineering
注释:

1) ¹ http://news.sohu.com/20080322/n255846609.shtml

2) 收稿日期 2021-01-20 录用日期 2021-04-16 Manuscript received January 20, 2021; accepted April 16, 2021 国家自然科学基金(61872363), 北京市自然基金委—北京市教委联合项目(21JD0044), 中国科学院自动化研究所基础科研项目(Y9J2FZ0801), 中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA27000000) Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (61872363), Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (21JD0044), the Research and Development Fund of Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Y9J2FZ0801), the Strate-gic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sci-ences (XDA27000000) 本文责任编委莫红 Recommended by Associate Editor MO Hong 1. 中国科学院自动化研究所复杂系统管理与控制国家重点实验室北京 100190 2. 中国科学院大学人工智能学院北京 100049 3. 中国科学院自动化研究所模式识别国家重点实验室北京 100190 1. The State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of

3) Sciences, Beijing 100190 2. School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 3. Na-tional Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190

HTML全文

图 1 综合集成法示意图

Fig. 1 Diagram of metasynthesis

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 综合集成研讨厅框架结构示意图

Fig. 2 Structural representation of HWME

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 基于信息空间的综合集成研讨厅

Fig. 3 Example of CWME

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 三个研讨空间

Fig. 4 M-Space, M-Interaction and M-Computing

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 综合集成的模型框架

Fig. 5 Model framework of metasynthesis

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 宏观经济决策系统结构图

Fig. 6 Structure diagram of macro-economic decision system

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 战略决策综合集成研讨系统架构

Fig. 7 System architecture of HWME for strategic decision

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 巨灾防御与应急决策仿真系统总体框架

Fig. 8 General framework of catastrophe prevention and emergency decision simulation system

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 国外对复杂性、复杂系统研究的代表性工作

Table 1 Representative work abroad on complexity and complex system

序号	机构/代表学者	研究内容	机构网址	文献
1	圣菲研究所 (Santa Fe Institute, SFI) Holland、Arthur、Kauffman 等学者	复杂自适应系统; 开创了用计算机直接去探索开放的复杂巨系统, 从“半微观”入手, 找出可能出现的宏观行为, 致力于理解和统一复杂的物理、生物、社会、文化、技术甚至可能的天文生物学世界中潜在的共享模式.	http://www.santafe.edu/	[38, 40-41]
2	乔治·梅森大学 (George Mason University) 集成科学高级研究所Warfield 等学者	结构学派, 主要采用形式逻辑 (包括集合论、关系论、图论、布尔代数等) 来描述复杂性. 他们认为复杂性存在于人的头脑中. 提出了复杂性的 20 条定律 (Law)、对这 20 条定律的分类 (Taxonomy)以及衡量复杂性的 5 个指标 (Index), 这三者统称为 LTI 集.	https://www2.gmu.edu/	[42-43]
3	麻省理工大学 (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT) Forrester、Senge 等学者	系统动力学派, 采用常微分方程描述复杂问题, 并认为复杂性存在于所研究的系统之中. 这一学派主要研究组织理论, 特别是学习型组织等问题; 探索如何改造现有的各种组织, 使之能以“整体运作” 的全新方式进行思考, 从而提升人类组织的“群体智力” 来面对复杂问题.	https://www.mit.edu/	[44]
4	Los Alamos 的非线性研究中心(Center for Nonlinear Studies, CNLS) Deka、Chertkov、RussellBent 等学者	混沌理论学派, 用偏微分方程来描述复杂系统的特性, 认为复杂性存在于所研究的系统之中.	https://cnls.lanl.gov/External/	[45-49]
5	国际系统工程研究所 (IIASA) Ermolieva、Folberth 等学者	该机构对全球性问题进行政策导向的研究, 具体的研究领域涵盖了系统工程、环境保护、公共服务等多个层面内容.	www.iiasa.ac.at	[50-52]
6	关系复杂性评估中心 (The Centre for the Evaluation of Complexity Across the Nexus, CECAN) Gilbert、Ahrweiler 等学者	该机构致力于研究食品、能源、水资源和环境领域的相关政策, 使其适应复杂的人类社会.	https://www.cecan.ac.uk/	[53-56]
7	美国东北大学复杂网络研究中心(Northeastern University, Network Science Institute, NetSI) Friedland、Grinberg 等学者	该机构的研究方向涵盖了生物、技术、信息和社会系统等多个领域, 其中包括大型集体的决策和性能.	www.barabasilab.com	[57-58]
8	美国圣母大学复杂网络研究中心 (University of Notre Dame, Lucy Family Institute for Data and Society) Chawla 等学者	该机构在社会、物理、生物、化学、健康与福祉、组织和防御系统的重大挑战问题陈述中进行跨学科的研究.	https://cnds.nd.edu/	[59-60]
9	新英格兰复杂系统研究所 (New England Complex Systems Institute, NECSI) Bar-Yam、Morales 等学者	在复杂系统科学及其应用的开发中发挥了重要作用. 该机构研究系统内的交互如何决定其行为模式, 以及系统如何与环境交互.	https://necsi.edu/	[61-66]
10	悉尼科技大学 (University of Technology Sydney, UTS) Cao 等学者	对于复杂组织与企业、复杂数据系统、复杂知识发现系统、复杂人工智能系统等中所涉及的多种复杂性、多种智能、多种交互与耦合等以及它们的综合集成进行了广泛与深入的研究, 对综合集成计算与工程开展了扩充与应用.	https://datasciences.org/Metasynthetic-engineering/	[12-15, 67-68]

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 国内对开放的复杂巨系统及综合集成法的研究

Table 2 Domestic research on open complex giant system and metasynthesis

序号	机构/代表学者	研究内容	文献
1	中国科学院系统科学研究所顾基发、唐锡晋等学者	从综合、集成、复杂问题求解等角度出发, 对模型集成与意见综合进行国内外调研和分析. 提出“知识创造场”, 研究了人机结合对群体知识创造的有效支持, 探讨了物理−事理−人理系统方法应用于综合集成研讨系统的实现.	[76-83]
2	中国航天科技集团公司 710 研究所于景元、周晓纪等学者	在进行物价补贴、定价和工资的有关课题中, 运用了人机结合的思想, 将人的经验、知识和智慧与各种资料信息集成起来, 达到定性认识到定量认识的提升. 对现代科学技术体系、总体设计部与综合集成方法间的关系展开探讨.	[84-88]
3	北京大学宋刚等学者	对综合集成法研究的起源及其演进发展进行了系统性的综述, 揭示了整体演进规律. 指出社会实践是其发展的主要动因, 具有明显的跨学科属性, 研究了综合集成法在智慧城市、创新 2.0的时代背景下的应用场景和理论创新.	[89-90]
4	中国航天系统科学与工程研究院薛惠峰等学者	以综合集成法为基础, 提出综合提升方法, 构建了基于综合集成研讨厅, 以水资源管理为例, 实现了智慧水利资源管理平台.	[91]
5	国防大学胡晓峰等学者	以战略决策问题为应用背景, 以综合集成法为指导, 从技术的视角讨论了“综合集成研讨厅”的有关问题, 提出了一种可用于军事战略决策的综合集成研讨环境的 XOD 体系.	[92]
6	中国人民大学苗东升等学者	从哲学层面探讨综合集成法, 在认识论层面突出了认识过程与知识体系的辩证性. 认为综合集成法过于强调应用, 其理论体系尚未建立.	[93-95]
7	北京大学冯国瑞等学者	从哲学层面探讨综合集成法, 指出开放的复杂巨系统理论从复杂系统方面揭示了物质统一性, 在方法论上起到连接作用, 综合集成法从定性、定量认识的视角重新审视了认识发展过程.	[96-98]
8	北京联合大学卢明森等学者	指出大成智慧是现代科学技术体系、系统科学、思维科学等的综合集成. 主编了《创新思维学引论》(普通高等教育 “十五” 国家级规划教材)一书, 从创新思维的基本原理、创新思维必备的心理素质、创新思维的方式、方法与方法论, 以及创新思维实践等角度系统性的阐述了创新思维学, 为我国开展创新性思维教育做出了贡献.	[99-103]

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(113)

[1]	钱学森, 于景元, 戴汝为. 一个科学新领域——开放的复杂巨系统及其方法论. 自然杂志, 1990, 13(1): 3−10, 64 Qian Xue-Sen, Yu Jing-Yuan, Dai Ru-Wei. A new field of science-open complex giant system and its methodology. Chinese Journal of Nature, 1990, 13(1): 3−10, 64 (查阅所有网上资料, 未找到本条文献英文翻译, 请联系作者确认)
[2]	戴汝为. 从定性到定量的综合集成技术. 模式识别与人工智能, 1991, 4(1): 5−10 Dai Ru-Wei. Comprehensive integration technology from qualitative to quantitative. Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, 1991, 4(1): 5−10(查阅所有网上资料, 未找到本条文献英文翻译, 请联系作者确认)
[3]	戴汝为, 李耀东. 基于综合集成的研讨厅体系与系统复杂性. 复杂系统与复杂性科学, 2004, 1(4): 1−24 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-3813.2004.04.001 Dai Ru-Wei, Li Yao-Dong. Researches on hall for workshop of metasynthetic engineering and system complexity. Complex Systems and Complexity Science, 2004, 1(4): 1−24 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-3813.2004.04.001
[4]	戴汝为. 复杂巨系统科学——一门21世纪的科学. 自然杂志, 1997, 19(4): 187−192 Dai Ru-Wei. Complex giant system science—a 21st century science. Chinese Journal of Nature, 1997, 19(4): 187−192
[5]	许国志. 系统科学与工程研究. 上海: 上海科技教育出版社, 2000. Xu Guo-Zhi. Systems Science and Engineering. Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific & Technical Publishers, 2000.
[6]	戴汝为. 系统控制与系统复杂性的进展、机遇与挑战. 科学中国人, 2004(10): 31−32 Dai Ru-Wei. Progress, opportunities and challenges of system control and complexity. Science Chinese, 2004(10): 31−32(查阅所有网上资料, 未找到本条文献英文翻译, 请联系作者确认)
[7]	钱学森. 创建系统学(新世纪版). 上海: 上海交通大学出版社, 2007. Qian Xue-Sen. Creation of System Science (New Century Edition). Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press, 2007.
[8]	钱学森, 乌家培. 组织管理社会主义建设的技术——社会工程. 经济管理, 1979(1): 5−9 Qian Xue-Sen, Wu Jia-Pei. The technology of organization and management of socialist construction-social engineering. Economic Management, 1979(1): 5−9(查阅所有网上资料, 未找到本条文献英文翻译, 请联系作者确认)
[9]	钱学森. 再谈开放的复杂巨系统. 模式识别与人工智能, 1991, 4(1): 1−4 Qian Xue-Sen. The open complex giout system. Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, 1991, 4(1): 1−4
[10]	戴汝为, 李耀东, 李秋丹. 社会智能与综合集成系统. 北京: 人民邮电出版社, 2012. Dai Ru-Wei, Li Yao-Dong, Li Qiu-Dan. Social Intelligence and Metasynthetic System. Beijing: Posts & Telecom Press, 2012.
[11]	操龙兵, 戴汝为. 开放复杂智能系统: 基础、概念、分析、设计与实施. 北京: 人民邮电出版社, 2008. Cao Long-Bing, Dai Ru-Wei. Open Complex Intelligent Systems: Foundation, Concept, Analysis, Design and Implementation. Beijing: Posts & Telecom Press, 2008.
[12]	Cao L B. Data science: Challenges and directions. Communications of the ACM, 2017, 60(8): 59−68 doi: 10.1145/3015456
[13]	Cao L B. Data Science Thinking: The Next Scientific, Technological and Economic Revolution. Cham: Springer, 2018.
[14]	Cao L B. Coupling learning of complex interactions. Information Processing & Management, 2015, 51(2): 167−186
[15]	Cao L B. Metasynthetic Computing and Engineering of Complex Systems. London: Springer, 2015.
[16]	Cao L B, Dai R W, Zhou M C. Metasynthesis: M-space, M-interaction, and M-computing for open complex giant systems. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics-Part A: Systems and Humans, 2009, 39(5): 1007−1021 doi: 10.1109/TSMCA.2009.2022414
[17]	戴汝为. 从定性到定量的综合集成法的形成与现代发展. 自然杂志, 2009, 31(6): 311−314, 326 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2009.06.001 Dai Ru-Wei. The proposal and recent development of metasynthetic method(M) from qualitative to quantitative. Chinese Journal of Nature, 2009, 31(6): 311−314, 326 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2009.06.001
[18]	李耀东, 崔霞, 戴汝为. 综合集成研讨厅的理论框架、设计与实现. 复杂系统与复杂性科学, 2004, 1(1): 27−32 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-3813.2004.01.006 Li Yao-Dong, Cui Xia, Dai Ru-Wei. The framework, design & implementation of hall for workshop of meta-synthetic engineering. Complex Systems and Complexity Science, 2004, 1(1): 27−32 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-3813.2004.01.006
[19]	戴汝为. 钱学森对系统科学、思维科学的重大贡献. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2002, 2(3): 1−3, 32 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-6744.2002.03.001 Dai Ru-Wei. Qian’s great contribution on system science and thinking science. Journal of Transportation System Engineering and Information Technology, 2002, 2(3): 1−3, 32 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-6744.2002.03.001
[20]	涂元季. 钱学森书信. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 2007. Tu Yuan-Ji. Letters from Qian Xuesen. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 2007.
[21]	王丹力, 戴汝为. 群体一致性及其在研讨厅中的应用. 系统工程与电子技术, 2001, 23(7): 33−37 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-506X.2001.07.011 Wang Dan-Li, Dai Ru-Wei. Group consistency and application in the hall for workshop. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2001, 23(7): 33−37 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-506X.2001.07.011
[22]	王丹力, 戴汝为. 专家群体思维收敛的研究. 管理科学学报, 2002, 5(2): 1−5 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1007-9807.2002.02.001 Wang Dan-Li, Dai Ru-Wei. Research on convergence of expert group thought. Journal of Management Sciences in China, 2002, 5(2): 1−5 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1007-9807.2002.02.001
[23]	Zheng N, Song S Y, Bao H Y. A temporal-topic model for friend recommendations in Chinese microblogging systems. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems, 2015, 45(9): 1245−1253. doi: 10.1109/TSMC.2015.2391262
[24]	戴汝为. 系统科学与思维科学交叉发展的硕果——大成智慧工程. 系统工程理论与实践, 2002, 22(5): 8−11, 65 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6788.2002.05.002 Dai Ru-Wei. A result of system sciences and noetic sciences cross development-metasynthetic engineering. Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice, 2002, 22(5): 8−11, 65 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6788.2002.05.002
[25]	Tai J W, Liu T J, Zhang L Q. A new approach for feature extraction and feature selection of handwritten Chinese character recognition. From Pixels to Features III: Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1992. 479−491
[26]	戴汝为. 智能科学与工程(人机的结合). 见: 中国科学院第七次院士大会学术报告摘要汇编(预印本). 北京, 中国, 1994. 45−50 Dai Ru-Wei. Intelligent science and engineering (combination of human and machine). In: Proceedings of the 1994 Summary of Academic Reports of the Seventh Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Preprint). Beijing, China, 1994. 45−50
[27]	钱学森, 戴汝为. 论信息空间的大成智慧: 思维科学、文学艺术与信息网络的交融. 上海: 上海交通大学出版社, 2007. Qian Xue-Sen, Dai Ru-Wei. Emergence of Metasynthetic Wisdom in Cyberspace. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press, 2007.
[28]	戴汝为. 人-机结合的智能科学和智能工程. 中国工程科学, 2004, 6(5): 24−28 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-1742.2004.05.004 Dai Ru-Wei. Man-computer cooperative intelligent science and intelligent technology. Engineering Science, 2004, 6(5): 24−28 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-1742.2004.05.004
[29]	戴汝为. 社会智能科学. 上海: 上海交通大学出版社, 2007. Dai Ru-Wei. Science of Social Intelligence. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press, 2007.
[30]	戴汝为. 社会智能科学的形成和发展. 上海理工大学学报, 2011, 33(1): 1−7 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-6735.2011.01.001 Dai Ru-Wei. Formation and development of social intelligence science. Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 2011, 33(1): 1−7 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-6735.2011.01.001
[31]	王海涛, 宋丽华, 向婷婷, 刘力军. 人工智能发展的新方向——人机物三元融合智能. 计算机科学, 2020, 47(11A): 1−5, 22 Wang Hai-Tao, Song Li-Hua, Xiang Ting-Ting, Liu Lijun. New development direction of artificial intelligence - human cyber physical ternary fusion intelligence. Computer Science, 2020, 47(11A): 1−5, 22
[32]	于景元, 涂元季. 从定性到定量综合集成方法——案例研究. 系统工程理论与实践, 2002, 22(5): 1−7, 42 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6788.2002.05.001 Yu Jing-Yuan, Tu Yuan-Ji. Meta-synthesis-study of case. Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice, 2002, 22(5): 1−7, 42 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6788.2002.05.001
[33]	田园, 翟凡, 冯珊. 宏观经济智能决策支持系统MEIDSS. 系统工程理论与实践, 1997, 17(3): 2−8 Tian Yuan, Zhai Fan, Feng Shan. MEIDSS: An intelligent decision support system for macroeconomy application. System Engineering-Theory & Practice, 1997, 17(3): 2−8
[34]	于景元, 刘毅, 马昌超. 关于复杂性研究. 系统仿真学报, 2002, 14(11): 1417−1424, 1446 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-731X.2002.11.005 Yu Jing-Yuan, Liu Yi, Ma Chang-Chao. Study on the complexity. Journal of System Simulation, 2002, 14(11): 1417−1424, 1446 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-731X.2002.11.005
[35]	操龙兵, 戴汝为. 基于Internet的综合集成研讨厅系统体系结构研究. 计算机科学, 2002, 29(6): 63−66 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-137X.2002.06.012 Cao Long-Bing, Dai Ru-Wei. Architecture of internet-based hall for workshop of metasynthetic engineering. Computer Science, 2002, 29(6): 63−66 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-137X.2002.06.012
[36]	戴汝为, 操龙兵. 综合集成研讨厅的研制. 管理科学学报, 2002, 5(3): 10−16 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1007-9807.2002.03.002 Dai Ru-Wei, Cao Long-Bing. Research of hall for workshop of metasynthetic engineering. Journal of Management Sciences in China, 2002, 5(3): 10−16 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1007-9807.2002.03.002
[37]	万方数据[online] avulable: https://s.wanfangdata.com.cn/paper?q=综合集成研讨厅, 2021-7-20
[38]	Holland J. Emergence: From Chaos to Order. RedwoodCity, California: Addison-Wesley, 1997.
[39]	Horgan J. From complexity to perplexity. Scientific American, 1995, 272(6): 74−79.
[40]	Waldrop M [著], 陈玲 [译]. 复杂: 诞生于秩序与混沌边缘的科学. 北京: 三联书店, 1997. Waldrop M [Author], Chen Ling [Translator]. Complexity. Beijing: Joint Publishing, 1997.
[41]	Oña L, Lachmann M. Signalling architectures can prevent cancer evolution. Scientific Reports, 2020, 10(1): Article No. 674 doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-57494-w
[42]	Warfield J N. Twenty laws of complexity: Science applicable in organizations. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 1999, 16(1): 3−40 doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1743(199901/02)16:1<3::AID-SRES241>3.0.CO;2-F
[43]	Warfield J N, Cardenas A R. A Handbook of Interactive Management. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1994.
[44]	Senge P M [著], 郭进隆 [译]. 第五项修炼: 学习型组织的艺术与实务. 上海: 上海三联书店, 1998. Senge P M [Author], Guo Jin-Long [Translator]. The Fifth Discipline: The Art & Practice of the Learning Organization. Shanghai: Shanghai Joint Publishing Press, 1998.
[45]	Li W T, Deka D, Chertkov M, Wang M. Real-time faulted line localization and PMU placement in power systems through convolutional neural networks. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2019, 34(6): 4640−4651 doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2917794
[46]	Li W T, Wang M. Identifying overlapping successive events using a shallow convolutional neural network. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2019, 34(6): 4762−4772 doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2914774
[47]	Mashayekh S, Stadler M, Cardoso G, Heleno M, Madathil S C, Nagarajan H, et al. Security-constrained design of isolated multi-energy microgrids. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2018, 33(3): 2452−2462 doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2017.2748060
[48]	Korber B, Fischer W M, Gnanakaran S, Yoon H, Theiler J, Abfalterer W, et al. Tracking changes in SARS-CoV-2 Spike: Evidence that D614G increases infectivity of the COVID-19 virus. Cell, 2020, 182(4): 812−827.e19 doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.043
[49]	Mohan A T, Gaitonde D V. A deep learning based approach to reduced order modeling for turbulent flow control using LSTM neural networks. arXiv preprint arXiv: 1804.09269, 2018.
[50]	Ermoliev Y, Ermolieva T, Jonas M, Obersteiner M, Wagner F, Winiwarter W. Integrated model for robust emission trading under uncertainties: Cost-effectiveness and environmental safety. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2015, 98: 234−244 doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2015.01.003
[51]	Folberth C, Baklanov A, Balkovič J, Skalský R, Khabarov N, Obersteiner M. Spatio-temporal downscaling of gridded crop model yield estimates based on machine learning. Agricultural and forest meteorology, 2019, 264: 1−15 doi: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.09.021
[52]	Danielson M, Ekenberg L. A robustness study of state-of-the-art surrogate weights for MCDM. Group Decision and Negotiation, 2017, 26(4): 677−691 doi: 10.1007/s10726-016-9494-6
[53]	Calder M, Craig C, Culley D, de Cani R, Donnelly C A, Douglas R, et al. Computational modelling for decision-making: Where, why, what, who and how. Royal Society Open Science, 2018, 5(6): Article No. 172096 doi: 10.1098/rsos.172096
[54]	Gilbert N, Ahrweiler P, Barbrook-Johnson P, Narasimhan K P, Wilkinson H. Computational modelling of public policy: Reflections on practice. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 2018, 21(1): Article No. 14 doi: 10.18564/jasss.3669
[55]	Ahrweiler P. Agent-based simulation for science, technology, and innovation policy. Scientometrics, 2017, 110(1): 391−415 doi: 10.1007/s11192-016-2105-0
[56]	Ahrweiler P, Gilbert N, Schrempf B, Grimpe B, Jirotka M. The role of civil society organisations in European responsible research and innovation. Journal of Responsible Innovation, 2019, 6(1): 25−49 doi: 10.1080/23299460.2018.1534508
[57]	Grinberg N, Joseph K, Friedland L, Swire-Thompson B, Lazer D. Fake news on Twitter during the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Science, 2019, 363(6425) 374−378 doi: 10.1126/science.aau2706
[58]	Dehmamy N, Barabási A L, Yu R. Understanding the representation power of graph neural networks in learning graph topology. In: Proceedings of the 33rd Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS 2019). Vancouver, Canada: Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, Inc., 2019. 15413−15423
[59]	Jiang T W, Zhao T, Qin B, Liu T, Chawla N V, Jiang M. Canonicalizing open knowledge bases with multi-layered meta-graph neural network. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2006.09610, 2020.
[60]	Wang D H, Jiang M, Syed M, Conway O, Juneja V, Subramanian S, et al. Calendar graph neural networks for modeling time structures in spatiotemporal user behaviors. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2006.06820, 2020.
[61]	Bar-Yam Y. Use of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics in describing the real world. New England Complex Systems Institute. 2019.
[62]	Bar-Yam T, Lynch O, Bar-Yam Y. The inherent instability of disordered systems. arXiv preprint arXiv: 1812.00450, 2018.
[63]	Morales A J, Dong X W, Bar-Yam Y, Pentland A S. Segregation and polarization in urban areas. Royal Society Open Science, 2019, 6(10): Article No. 190573 doi: 10.1098/rsos.190573
[64]	Hedayatifar L, Rigg R A, Bar-Yam Y, Morales A J. US social fragmentation at multiple scales. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 2019, 16(159): Article No. 20190509 doi: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0509
[65]	Bar-Yam Y. Solving ethnic violence. New England Complex Systems Institute, 2017.
[66]	Jason Koebler. The world is too complicated for Donald Trump to be president, theoretical physics suggests, Motherboard, 2017.
[67]	Cao L B. Domain-Driven data mining: Challenges and prospects. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 2010, 22(6): 755−769 doi: 10.1109/TKDE.2010.32
[68]	Cao L B. Non-IID recommender systems: A review and framework of recommendation paradigm shifting. Engineering, 2016, 2(2): 212−224 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.02.013
[69]	Tsallis C, Tirnakli U. Predicting COVID-19 peaks around the world. Frontiers in Physics, 2020, 8: Article No. 217 doi: 10.3389/fphy.2020.00217
[70]	Siegenfeld A F, Taleb N N, Bar-Yam Y. Opinion: What models can and cannot tell us about COVID-19. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020, 117(28): 16092−16095 doi: 10.1073/pnas.2011542117
[71]	Siegenfeld A F, Bar-Yam Y. Eliminating COVID-19: The impact of travel and timing. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2003.10086, 2020.
[72]	Wu J T, Leung K, Leung G M. Nowcasting and forecasting the potential domestic and international spread of the 2019-nCoV outbreak originating in Wuhan, China: A modelling study. The Lancet, 2020, 395(10225): 689−697 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30260-9
[73]	Zhang J J, Litvinova M, Liang Y X, Wang Y, Wang W, Zhao S L, et al. Changes in contact patterns shape the dynamics of the COVID-19 outbreak in China. Science, 2020, 368(6498): 1481−1486 doi: 10.1126/science.abb8001
[74]	Kraemer M U G, Yang C H, Gutierrez B, Wu C H, Klein B, Pigott D M, et al. The effect of human mobility and control measures on the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Science, 2020, 368(6490): 493−497 doi: 10.1126/science.abb4218
[75]	Hammond R. Developing policies for effective COVID-19 containment: The TRACE model: Santa Fe institute [Online], available: https://www.santafe.edu/news-Center/news/laboratory-Policy, 2021-7-20
[76]	Tang X J, Liu Y J. A prototype environment for group argumentation. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Knowledge and Systems Sciences (KSS＇ 2002). Shanghai, China: JAIST Press, 2002. 252−256
[77]	顾基发, 唐锡晋. 综合集成与知识科学. 系统工程理论与实践, 2002, 22(10): 2−7 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6788.2002.10.001 Gu Ji-Fa, Tang Xi-Jin. Meta-synthesis and knowledge science. System Engineering-Theory & Practice, 2002, 22(10): 2−7 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6788.2002.10.001
[78]	Tang X J, Gu J F. Systemic thinking to developing a meta-synthetic system for complex issues. In: Proceedings of the 46th Meeting of the International Society for the Systems Sciences (ISSS＇ 2002). Shanghai, China, 2002. 126.
[79]	Tang X J. Technologies for qualitative meta-synthesis of community consensus. In: Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. San Antonio, USA: IEEE, 2009. 4657−4662
[80]	Tang X J. Comprehending meta-synthesis system approach in terms of DSS, soft OR and knowledge creation. In: Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. Istanbul, Turkey: IEEE, 2010. 990−997
[81]	Jifa G. From D-I-K to wisdom and meta-synthesis of wisdom. In: Proceedings of the 2012 Data Mining and Intelligent Knowledge Management Workshop. Virtual Event, Singapore: ACM, 2012. Article No. 1
[82]	Jifa G. Data, information, knowledge, wisdom and meta-synthesis of wisdom-comment on wisdom global and wisdom cities. Procedia Computer Science, 2013, 17: 713−719 doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2013.05.092
[83]	顾基发. 协同创新－综合集成－大成智慧. 系统工程学报, 2015, 30(2): 145−152 Gu Ji-Fa. Collaborative innovation-meta-synthesis approach-meta-synthesis of wisdom. Journal of Systems Engineering, 2015, 30(2): 145−152
[84]	于景元. 从定性到定量综合集成方法及其应用. 中国软科学, 1993(5): 31−35 Yu Jing-Yuan. The method of integration-from qualitative to quantitative and application. China Soft Science, 1993(5): 31−35
[85]	于景元. 钱学森的现代科学技术体系与综合集成方法论. 中国工程科学, 2001, 3(11): 10−18 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-1742.2001.11.002 Yu Jing-Yuan. Qian Xuesen’s contemporary system of science and technology and meta-synthesis. Engineering Science, 2001, 3(11): 10−18 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-1742.2001.11.002
[86]	于景元, 周晓纪. 综合集成方法与总体设计部. 复杂系统与复杂性科学, 2004, 1(1): 20−26 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-3813.2004.01.005 Yu Jing-Yuan, Zhou Xiao-Ji. Meta-syntheses and department of integrative system design. Complex Systems and Complexity Science, 2004, 1(1): 20−26 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-3813.2004.01.005
[87]	于景元. 钱学森综合集成体系. 西安交通大学学报(社会科学版), 2006, 26(6): 40−47 Yu Jing-Yuan. Qian Xuesen’ synthesization and integration system space flight. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University (Social Sciences), 2006, 26(6): 40−47
[88]	于景元. 创建系统学——开创复杂巨系统的科学与技术. 上海理工大学学报, 2011, 33(6): 548−561 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-6735.2011.06.011 Yu Jing-Yuan. Creating systematics—science and technology to create complex giant systems. Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 2011, 33(6): 548−561(查阅所有网上资料, 未找到本条文献英文翻译, 请联系作者确认) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-6735.2011.06.011
[89]	安小米, 马广惠, 宋刚. 综合集成方法研究的起源及其演进发展. 系统工程, 2018, 36(10): 1−13 An Xiao-Mi, Ma Guang-Hui, Song Gang. Origins and evolution of meta-synthesis approach. Systems Engineering, 2018, 36(10): 1−13
[90]	宋刚, 朱慧, 童云海. 钱学森大成智慧理论视角下的创新2.0和智慧城市. 办公自动化, 2014(17): 7−13 Song Gang, Zhu Hui, Tong Yun-Hai. Innovation 2.0 and smart city in perspective of metasynthetic engineering theory of Qian Xuesen. Office Automation, 2014(17): 7−13
[91]	薛惠锋, 周少鹏, 侯俊杰, 王家胜, 刘海滨, 杜红艳. 综合集成方法论的新进展——综合提升方法论及其研讨厅的系统分析与实践. 科学决策, 2019(8): 1−19 Xue Hui-Feng, Zhou Shao-Peng, Hou Jun-Jie, Wang Jia-Sheng, Liu Hai-Bing, Du Hong-Yan. New development of meta-synthesis method——the system analysis of meta-synthesis-propulsion method and its practice. Scientific Decision Making, 2019(8): 1−19
[92]	胡晓峰, 司光亚. 战略决策综合集成研讨环境SDE98的体系结构. 小型微型计算机系统, 1999, 20(2): 88−91 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1220.1999.02.002 Hu Xiao-Feng, Si Guang-Ya. SDE98: An environment of metasynthetic workshop for military strategic decisionmaking. Mini-Micro Systems, 1999, 20(2): 88−91 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1220.1999.02.002
[93]	苗东升. 综合集成法的认识论基础. 系统辩证学学报, 2003, 11(1): 37−42, 50 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-6408.2003.01.007 Miao Dong-Sheng. The epistemological foundation of the meta-synthesis. Chinese Journal of Systems Science, 2003, 11(1): 37−42, 50 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-6408.2003.01.007
[94]	苗东升. 开放复杂巨系统理论: 科学性、研究现状和存在问题. 河北师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2005, 28(2): 18−24 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5587.2005.02.003 Miao Dong-Sheng. The theory of open, complex, and giant system: Scientific features and questions. Journal of Hebei Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 2005, 28(2): 18−24 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5587.2005.02.003
[95]	苗东升. 钱学森与《实践论》——再谈复杂性科学的认识论. 西安交通大学学报(社会科学版), 2010, 30(1): 65−70 Miao Dong-Sheng. Qian Xue-Sen and "on practice"-again discussing about the epistemology for complex science. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University (Social Sciences), 2010, 30(1): 65−70
[96]	冯国瑞. 开放复杂巨系统研究的哲学思考. 中国软科学, 1997(7): 89−93 Feng Guo-Rui. Philosophical thinking on the study of open complex giant systems. China Soft Science, 1997(7): 89−93(查阅所有网上资料, 未找到本条文献英文翻译, 请联系作者确认)
[97]	冯国瑞. 从定性到定量综合集成方法与唯物辩证法. 西安交通大学学报(社会科学版), 2004, 24(4): 58−66 Feng Guo-Rui. Meta-synthesis and materialist dialectics. Journal of Xi＇ an Jiaotong University (Social Sciences), 2004, 24(4): 58−66
[98]	冯国瑞. 开放复杂巨系统理论的哲学探索. 北京行政学院学报, 2005(3): 77−82 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-7621.2005.03.017 Feng Guo-Rui. The philosophical research on the theory of open and complicated macro-system. Journal of Beijing Administrative College, 2005(3): 77−82 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-7621.2005.03.017
[99]	卢明森. “从定性到定量综合集成法”的形成与发展献给钱学森院士93寿辰. 中国工程科学, 2005, 7(1): 9−16 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-1742.2005.01.002 Lu Ming-Sen. The formation and development of "metasynthesis". Engineering Science, 2005, 7(1): 9−16 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-1742.2005.01.002
[100]	卢明森. 钱学森与思维科学. 中国工程科学, 2002, 4(2): 8−15 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-1742.2002.02.002 Lu Ming-Sen. Qian Xuesen and noetic science. Engineering Science, 2002, 4(2): 8−15 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-1742.2002.02.002
[101]	卢明森, 鲍世行. 钱学森论大成智慧. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2014. Lu Ming-Sen, Bao Shi-Xing. Qian Xuesen＇ s Theory Metasynthetic Wisdom. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2014.
[102]	卢明森, 何名申. 创新思维学引论. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2005. Lu Ming-Sen, He Ming-Shen. Introduction to Innovative Thinking. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2005.
[103]	卢明森. 钱学森大成智慧思想的提出、形成与实践探索. 钱学森研究, 2018(1): 33−51 Lu Ming-Sen. The proposal, formation and practice exploration of Qian Xuesen’s metasynthetic wisdom thought. Qian Xuesen Research, 2018(1): 33−51(查阅所有网上资料, 未找到本条文献英文翻译, 请联系作者确认)
[104]	戴汝为, 郑楠. 钱学森先生时代前沿的“大成智慧”学术思想. 控制理论与应用, 2014, 31(12): 1606−1609 doi: 10.7641/CTA.2014.40764 Dai Ru-Wei, Zheng Nan. Metasynthesis: The forefront academic thought of Qian Xuesen. Control Theory & Applications, 2014, 31(12): 1606−1609(查阅所有网上资料, 未找到本条文献英文翻译, 请联系作者确认) doi: 10.7641/CTA.2014.40764
[105]	李夏, 戴汝为. 复杂性、概念系统的结构和综合集成. 中科院自动化所人工智能实验室技术报告, 中国, 1997 Li Xia, Dai Ru-Wei. Complexity, Conceptual System Structure and Meta-synthetic Engineering Technical Report of Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, 1997
[106]	张俊, 许沛东, 王飞跃. 平行系统和数字孪生的一种数据驱动形式表示及计算框架. 自动化学报, 2020, 46(7): 1346−1356 Zhang Jun, Xu Pei-Dong, Wang Fei-Yue. Parallel systems and digital twins: A data-driven mathematical representation and computational framework. Acta Automatica Sinica, 2020, 46(7): 1346−1356
[107]	Kovarik C, Lee I, Ko J M. Commentary: Position statement on augmented intelligence (AuI). Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 2019, 81(4): 998−1000 doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.06.032
[108]	Engelbart D C. Augmenting Human Intellect: A Conceptual Framework. SRI Summary Report AFOSR-3223, Doug Engelbart Institute, USA, 1962.
[109]	郑南宁. “混合增强智能” 是人工智能的发展趋向. 新华日报, 2017-11-29(018) Zheng Nan-Ning. “Hybrid-Augmented Intelligence” is the Development Trend of Artificial Intelligence. Xinhua Daily, 2017-11-29(018)
[110]	Silver D, Huang A, Maddison C J, Guez A, Sifre L, van den Driessche G, et al. Mastering the game of Go with deep neural networks and tree search. Nature, 2016, 529(7587): 484−489 doi: 10.1038/nature16961
[111]	Dellermann D, Ebel P, Söllner M, Leimeister J M. Hybrid intelligence. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 2019, 61(5): 637−643
[112]	李平, 杨政银. 人机融合智能: 人工智能3.0. 清华管理评论, 2018(Z2): 73−82 Li Ping, Yang Zheng-Yin. Human-machine fusion intelligence: Artificial intelligence 3.0. Tsinghua Business Review, 2018(Z2): 73−82(查阅所有网上资料, 未找到本条文献英文翻译, 请联系作者确认)
[113]	Kambhampati S. Challenges of human-aware AI systems. arXiv preprint arXiv: 1910.07089, 2019.