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基于Word2vec和粒子群的链路预测算法

贾承丰 韩华 吕亚楠 张路

贾承丰, 韩华, 吕亚楠, 张路. 基于Word2vec和粒子群的链路预测算法. 自动化学报, 2020, 46(8): 1703−1713 doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c180187
引用本文: 贾承丰, 韩华, 吕亚楠, 张路. 基于Word2vec和粒子群的链路预测算法. 自动化学报, 2020, 46(8): 1703−1713 doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c180187
Jia Cheng-Feng, Han Hua, Lv Ya-Nan, Zhang Lu. Link prediction algorithm based on Word2vec and particle swarm. Acta Automatica Sinica, 2020, 46(8): 1703−1713 doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c180187
Citation: Jia Cheng-Feng, Han Hua, Lv Ya-Nan, Zhang Lu. Link prediction algorithm based on Word2vec and particle swarm. Acta Automatica Sinica, 2020, 46(8): 1703−1713 doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c180187

基于Word2vec和粒子群的链路预测算法

doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c180187
基金项目: 

中央高校基本科研业务费 185214003

中央高校基本科研业务费 2018-zy-137

详细信息
    作者简介:

    贾承丰  武汉理工大学理学院硕士研究生.主要研究方向为复杂网络, 机器学习. E-mail: 13986076510@163.com

    吕亚楠   武汉理工大学理学院硕士研究生.主要研究方向为链路预测, 复杂网络. E-mail: lyn@whut.com

    张路  武汉安天科技公司数据挖掘工程师.主要研究方向为自然语言处理, 机器学习. E-mail: 17838907371@163.com

    通讯作者:

    韩华  博士, 武汉理工大学理学院教授.主要研究方向为系统预测, 复杂网络, 经济决策.本文通信作者. E-mail: hhua@whut.com

Link Prediction Algorithm Based on Word2vec and Particle Swarm

Funds: 

Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities 185214003

Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities 2018-zy-137

More Information
    Author Bio:

    JIA Cheng-Feng Master student at the School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology. His research interest covers complex network and machine learning

    LV Ya-Nan Master student at the School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology. Her research interest covers link prediction and complex network

    ZHANG Lu The data mining engineer of Wuhan Antiy Technology Co., Ltd. His research interest covers natural language processing and machine learning

    Corresponding author: HAN Hua Ph. D., professor at the School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology. Her research interest covers system prediction, complex network, economic decision-making. Corresponding author of this paper
  • 摘要: 链路预测中普遍存在两大问题:特征提取困难和类别数据不平衡.本文借鉴文本处理中的深度学习特征提取算法和优化问题中的粒子群算法, 提出一种基于词向量的粒子群优化算法(Word2vec-PSO).该方法首先通过随机游走产生网络序列后, 利用Word2vec算法对节点序列特征提取.然后在有监督的条件下, 利用粒子群算法对提取好的特征进行筛选, 并确定重采样的参数来解决类别数据不平衡问题, 并分析了不同链路预测算法的计算复杂性.最后将本文的算法与基于相似性、基于深度学习、基于不平衡数据的3类链路预测算法, 在4个不同的时序网络中进行实证对比研究.结果表明, 本文提出的链路预测算法预测精度较高, 算法更加稳定且具有普适性.
  • 图  1  链路预测算法总流程

    Fig.  1  The overall flow of the link prediction algorithm

    图  2  CBOW网络结构

    Fig.  2  CBOW network structure

    图  3  PSO中解的表达形式

    Fig.  3  The expression of the solution in PSO

    图  4  Karate网络特征提取

    Fig.  4  Karate network feature extraction

    图  5  四种链路预测特征提取算法时间对比

    Fig.  5  Time comparison of four link prediction feature extraction algorithms

    表  1  本文用到的数据集概况

    Table  1  Overview of the data sets used in this article

    数据集 网络类型 节点数 边数
    Citeseer 著作网络 3 327 4 732
    Cora 著作网络 2 708 5 429
    Pubmed 著作网络 19 717 44 338
    微博关系网络 虚拟社交网络 65 775 266 144
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  相似性预测链路算法

    Table  2  Similarity link prediction algorithm

    链路预测算法 算法公式 算法概述
    Common neighbor [3] $S_{ij}=| \Gamma(i)\cap\Gamma(j) | $ 共同邻居节点的个数
    Jaccard$'$s coefficient [24] $S_{ij}=\frac{|\Gamma(i)\cap\Gamma(j)|}{|\Gamma(i)\cup\Gamma(j)|} $ 邻居节点集合的交集与邻居节点集合的并集的比值
    Adamic Adar [25] $S_{ij}=\sum\limits_{x\in\Gamma(i)\cup\Gamma(j)}\frac{1}{\ln k_x} $ 共同邻居节点度的对数的倒数之和
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  复杂网络其他特征提取算法

    Table  3  Other feature extraction algorithms for complex networks

    链路预测算法 算法公式 算法概述
    Likelihood supervised machinelearning [7] Similarityindex+ Classical machine learning 以相似性指标为特征, 利用传统机器学习算法进行训练
    RBM-DBN link prediction [8] $F(v)=-\sum\limits_i v_ia_i-\sum\limits_j \ln(1+E^{h_j}) $ 利用受限玻尔兹曼机提取特征, 深度信念网络进行训练
    Convolutional networks [9] $Z=f(X, A)=softmax(\hat{A}ReLu(\hat{A}XW^{(0)}))W $ 利用卷积神经网络对网络提取特征, 卷积层后面连接softmax层进行分类
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  链路预测其他处理类别不平衡问题算法

    Table  4  Link prediction other processing category imbalance problem algorithm

    链路预测算法 算法公式 算法概述
    AUC-logistic regression [26] $\varphi_{AUC \text{-}Logistic}=\sum\limits_{(i, j, z)\in T}1(x_i^{\rm{T}}Mx_j-x_i^{\rm{T}}Mx_z)$ 对特征矩阵$M$进行逻辑回归训练, 目标函数是AUC值
    Rank-SVM [27] $\varphi_{SVM}=\sum\limits_{(i, j, z)\in T}\max(0, 1+x_i^{\rm{T}}Mx_z-x_i^{\rm{T}}Mx_j)$ 利用支持向量机学习节点连接概率的大小排序
    Entropy algorithm [28] $\min\limits_M L(M)=\lambda\Omega(M)+\sum\limits_{q\in V}\varphi(S^R(M), R^q) $ 利用交叉熵算法, 使得网络全局交叉熵损失最小化, 处理类别不平衡节点对
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  本算法与其他链路预测算法结果对比

    Table  5  Comparison of the algorithm with other link prediction algorithms

    链路预测算法 Citeseer Cora Pubmed Weibo
    AUC $P$ AUC $P$ AUC $P$ AUC $P$
    Common neighbor 0.567 0.632 0.616 0.696 0.561 0.669 0.542 0.615
    Jaccard's 0.568 0.651 0.616 0.694 0.564 0.668 0.540 0.618
    Adamic Adar 0.675 0.690 0.679 0.711 0.584 0.702 0.559 0.621
    Common neighbor 0.656 0.759 0.715 0.784 0.827 0.853 0.687 0.741
    Jaccard's 0.673 0.753 0.524 0.612 0.643 0.781 0.664 0.727
    Adamic Adar 0.789 0.731 0.744 0.829 0.687 0.778 0.765 0.854
    Common neighbor 0.752 0.857 0.711 0.773 0.781 0.829 0.545 0.628
    Jaccard's 0.861 0.934 0.689 0.746 0.718 0.805 0.712 0.802
    Adamic Adar 0.762 0.860 0.797 0.805 0.810 0.865 0.786 0.851
    Word2vec-PSO 0.818 0.872 0.801 0.823 0.867 0.913 0.833 0.875
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2018-04-02
  • 录用日期:  2018-09-06
  • 刊出日期:  2020-08-26

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