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摘要: 针对常用混合动力汽车（Hybrid electric vehicle，HEV）中锂离子电池在功率波动较大时难以满足需求，以及单个驱动周期内HEV燃油能耗大且能量不能很好回收等问题，研究采用锂离子电池和超级电容器混合储能系统（Lithium-ion battery and super-capacitor hybrid energy storage system，Li-SC HESS）与内燃机共同驱动HEV运行.结合比例积分粒子群优化算法（Particle swarm optimization-proportion integration，PSO-PI）控制器和Li-SC HESS内部功率限制管理办法，提出一种改进的基于庞特里亚金极小值原理（Pontryagin's minimum principle，PMP）算法的HEV能量优化控制策略，通过ADVISOR软件建立HEV整车仿真模型，验证该方法的有效性与可行性.仿真结果表明，该能量优化控制策略提高了HEV跟踪整车燃油能耗最小轨迹的实时性，节能减排比改进前提高了1.6%~2%，功率波动时减少了锂离子电池的出力，进而改善了混合储能系统性能，对电动汽车关键技术的后续研究意义重大.
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关键词:
- 混合动力汽车 /
- 混合储能系统 /
- PSO-PI控制 /
- 庞特里亚金极小值原理
Abstract: Common hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) usually suffer lithium-ion battery power fluctuations and it is difficult for them to meet the demand. This also constraints the performance of the energy storage system in which there is a the large amount of fuel consumption with less energy recovery of HEV in a single drive cycle. This paper selects a lithium-ion battery and super-capacitor hybrid energy storage system (Li-SC HESS) to drive the hybrid electric vehicle running together with an internal combustion engine. Besides, combined with particle swarm optimization-proportion integration (PSO-PI) controller and Li-SC HESS internal power limit management approach, this paper presents an improved HEV energy optimization control strategy based on the Pontryagin's minimum principle (PMP) algorithm. A simulation model of HEV is established by ADVISOR software to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the strategy. Results show that the energy optimization control strategy can improve the real-time ability of tracking the smallest track of HEV fuel consumption function for the purpose of energy conservation. The energy-saving emission reduction ratio is improved by 1.6% to 2.0%. Moreover, when power fluctuates the output of lithium-ion battery is reduced, thus improving the performance of the Li-SC HESS. The research is significant to the follow-up study on the key technologies in electric vehicles.1) 本文责任编委 张卫东 -
图 4 锂离子电池等效的一阶RC并联电路模型
Fig. 4 Lithium-ion battery equivalent model based on flrst-order RC parallel
图 5 等效一阶RC并联电路结构的SC模型
Fig. 5 SC equivalent model based on flrst-order RC parallel circuit
图 7 PSO-PI实时优化的"$\lambda $-控制"框图
Fig. 7 PSO-PI real-time optimization "$\lambda $-control" block diagram
图 11 PMP算法能量优化前后对比图
Fig. 11 After before the comparison chart of PMP energy optimization algorithm
图 12 PSO-PI控制器实时优化Hamiltonian函数出力系数$ \lambda (t) $曲线图
Fig. 12 Graph of output coe–cient real-time optimization of Hamiltonian function by PSO-PI controller
图 13 单一锂离子电池和Li-SC HESS SOC仿真情况对比
Fig. 13 Comparison of single lithium-ion battery and Li-SC HESS SOC simulation
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