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基于参考点预测的动态多目标优化算法

丁进良 杨翠娥 陈立鹏 柴天佑

丁进良, 杨翠娥, 陈立鹏, 柴天佑. 基于参考点预测的动态多目标优化算法. 自动化学报, 2017, 43(2): 313-320. doi: 10.16383/j.aas.2017.c150811
引用本文: 丁进良, 杨翠娥, 陈立鹏, 柴天佑. 基于参考点预测的动态多目标优化算法. 自动化学报, 2017, 43(2): 313-320. doi: 10.16383/j.aas.2017.c150811
DING Jin-Liang, YANG Cui-E, CHEN Li-Peng, CHAI Tian-You. Dynamic Multi-objective Optimization Algorithm Based on Reference Point Prediction. ACTA AUTOMATICA SINICA, 2017, 43(2): 313-320. doi: 10.16383/j.aas.2017.c150811
Citation: DING Jin-Liang, YANG Cui-E, CHEN Li-Peng, CHAI Tian-You. Dynamic Multi-objective Optimization Algorithm Based on Reference Point Prediction. ACTA AUTOMATICA SINICA, 2017, 43(2): 313-320. doi: 10.16383/j.aas.2017.c150811

基于参考点预测的动态多目标优化算法

doi: 10.16383/j.aas.2017.c150811
基金项目: 

辽宁省教育厅人才项目 LR2015021

国家自然科学基金 61590922

国家自然科学基金 61273031

辽宁省自然科学基金项目 2014020021

国家自然科学基金 61525302

详细信息
    作者简介:

    杨翠娥东北大学硕士研究生.主要研究方向为进化优化算法.E-mail:Yang_Cuie@126.com

    陈立鹏东北大学硕士研究生.主要研究方向为进化优化算法.E-mail:peterchenneu@gmail.com

    柴天佑中国工程院院士, 东北大学教授, IEEE Fellow, IFAC Fellow.主要研究方向为自适应控制, 智能解耦控制, 流程工业综合自动化理论、方法与技术.E-mail:tychai@mail.neu.edu.cn

    通讯作者:

    丁进良东北大学教授.主要研究方向为复杂工业过程建模, 运行优化控制与进化计算.本文通信作者.E-mail:jlding@mail.neu.edu.cn

Dynamic Multi-objective Optimization Algorithm Based on Reference Point Prediction

Funds: 

Talent Support Project of Liaoning LR2015021

Natural Science Fundation of China 61590922

Natural Science Fundation of China 61273031

National Natural Science Fundation of Liaoning Province 2014020021

Natural Science Fundation of China 61525302

More Information
    Author Bio:

    Master student at Northeastern University. Her main research interest is evolutionary optimization algorithm

    Master student at Northeastern University. His main research interest is evolutionary optimization algorithm

    Member of Chinese Engineering Academy, professor at Northeastern University. IEEE Fellow and IFAC Fellow. His research interest covers adaptive control, intelligent decoupling control, integrated automation theory, method and technology of industrial process

    Corresponding author: DING Jin-Liang Professor at Northeastern University. His research interest covers modeling, operational optimization control of the complex industrial process and evolutionary computation. Corresponding author of this paper
  • 摘要: 为了快速跟踪动态多目标优化问题变化的Pareto前沿,本文提出一种基于参考点预测策略的动态多目标优化算法(PDMOP).该算法对关联到相同参考点的个体建立时间序列,并对这些时间序列通过线性回归模型预测新环境下种群.同时,将历史时刻的预测误差反馈到当前预测中来提高预测的准确性,并在每个预测的个体上加入扰动来增加初始种群多样性,从而能够加快算法在新环境下的收敛速度.通过4个标准测试函数对该算法测试,并和两个现有算法对比分析,结果表明所提算法在处理动态多目标优化问题时能够保持良好的性能.
    1)  本文责任编委 魏庆来
  • 图  1  两目标优化问题的结构化参考点

    Fig.  1  Two-objective optimization problem structured reference point

    图  2  两目标优化问题个体和参考点关联

    Fig.  2  Two objective optimization problem of individual associated with reference point

    图  3  FDA1的IGD均值

    Fig.  3  Average IGD of FDA1

    图  4  FDA3的IGD均值

    Fig.  4  Average IGD of FDA3

    图  5  FDA4的IGD均值

    Fig.  5  Average IGD of FDA4

    图  6  FDA5的IGD均值

    Fig.  6  Average IGD of FDA5

    图  7  FDA1的HVR均值

    Fig.  7  Average HVR of FDA1

    图  8  FDA3的HVR均值

    Fig.  8  Average HVR of FDA3

    图  9  FDA4的HVR均值

    Fig.  9  Average HVR of FDA4

    图  10  FDA5的HVR均值

    Fig.  10  Average HVR of FDA5

    图  11  FDA1的预测种群

    Fig.  11  Prediction population of FDA1

    图  12  FDA3的预测种群

    Fig.  12  Prediction population of FDA3

    图  13  FDA4的预测种群

    Fig.  13  Prediction population of FDA4

    图  14  FDA5的预测种群

    Fig.  14  Prediction population of FDA5

    表  1  个体关联算法

    Table  1  Individual correlation algorithm

    算法1 个体关联算法
    步骤1 for $i=1:H$ do ///H参考点的个数
    步骤2   链接参考点和原点作为该参考点参考线
    步骤3 end
    步骤4 for $i=1:N$ do  ///N种群的个体数
    步骤5   for $j=1:H$ do
    步骤6     计算每个个体和参考线的距离
    步骤7   end
    步骤8   与个体垂直距离最小的参考点记录为关联参考点
    步骤9 end 
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  PDMOP算法伪代码

    Table  2  Pseudo code of PDMOP

    算法2 PDMOP算法伪代码
    步骤1 参数及种群初始化:设置初始化参数, 时间常数τt, 种群大小pop, 进化代数max_gen, 并在决策空间内随机产生规模为pop初始种群p0t.令t=0, T=0, gen=0
    步骤2 环境探测:根据式(7) 计算η (t), 如果η (t) < η则转步骤3, 否则转步骤4.
    步骤3 环境未发生变化, 进化操作更新父代个体.
    步骤3.1 进化操作:以一定的交叉概率pc, 变异概率pm, 对当前父代个体ptgen进行进化操作, 产生新的种群Ωgent.
    步骤3.2 对Ωtgenptgen快速排序, 并根据参考点关联选择个体pt+1gen作为下一代个体, 转步骤5.
    步骤4 环境发生变化, 产生预测种群响应变化
    步骤4.1 产生预测种群, 基于式(4) 所示预测模型, 产生与种群大小为pop的预测种群, 并将其作为下一时刻算法的初始种群.
    步骤4.2 存储历史信息, 转步骤5.
    步骤5 判断是否满足算法停止条件, 若满足则停止; 否则, t=t + 1, 转步骤2.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  测试函数

    Table  3  Test instance

    测试函数 搜索空间 目标值, PS和PF
    FDA1 $[0, 1]\times[-1, 1]^{n - 1}$ $\begin{array}{l} {f_1}\left( {{\pmb x}, t} \right) = {{\pmb x}_1}, {f_2}\left( {{\pmb x}, t} \right) = g\left( {1 - \sqrt {\frac{{{f_1}}}{g}} } \right)\\ g = 1 + {\sum\nolimits_{i = 2}^n {\left( {{x_i} - G\left( t \right)} \right)} ^2}, G = \sin \left( {0.5\pi \frac{t}{{{n_T}}}} \right)\\ {\rm PS}\left( t \right):0 \le {x_1} \le 1, {x_i} = G, {\rm for}{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} i = 2, \cdots, n\\ {\rm PF}\left( t \right):{f_2} = 1 - \sqrt {{f_1}}, {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} 0 \le {f_1} \le 1 \end{array}$
    FDA3 $[0, 1]\times [-1, 1]^{n - 1}$ $\begin{array}{l} {f_1}\left( {{\pmb x}, t} \right) = {\pmb x}_1^F, {f_2}\left( {{\pmb x}, t} \right) = g\left( {1 - \sqrt {\frac{{{f_1}}}{g}} } \right)\\ g = 1 + G + {\sum\nolimits_{i = 2}^n {\left( {{x_i} - G\left( t \right)} \right)} ^2}\\ G = \left| {\sin \left( {0.5\pi \frac{t}{{{n_T}}}} \right)} \right|, {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} F = {\kern 1pt} {10^{2\sin \left( {0.5\pi t} \right)}}\\ \textrm{PS}\left( t \right):0 \le {x_1} \le 1, {x_i} = G, \textrm{for}{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} i = 2, \cdots, n\\ \textrm{PF}\left( t \right):{f_2} = 1 - \sqrt {{f_1}}, {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} 0 \le {f_1} \le 1 \end{array}$
    FDA4 ${[0, 1]^n}$ $\begin{array}{l} {f_1}\left( {{\pmb x}, t} \right) = \left( {1 + g} \right)\cos \left( {0.5\pi {x_1}} \right)\\ {f_2}\left( {{\pmb x}, t} \right) = \left( {1 + g} \right)\sin \left( {0.5\pi {x_1}} \right)\\ g = {\sum\nolimits_{i = 2}^n {\left( {{x_i} - G\left( t \right)} \right)} ^2}\\ G = \left| {\sin \left( {0.5\pi \frac{t}{{{n_T}}}} \right)} \right|\\ \textrm{PS}\left( t \right):0 \le {x_1} \le 1, {x_i} = G, \textrm{for}{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} i = 2, \cdots, n\\ \textrm{PF}\left( t \right):f_1^2 + f_2^2 = 1 \end{array}$
    FDA5 ${[0, 1]^n}$ $\begin{array}{l} {f_1}\left( {{\pmb x}, t} \right) = \left( {1 + g} \right)\cos \left( {0.5\pi {y_1}} \right)\\ {f_2}\left( {{\pmb x}, t} \right) = \left( {1 + g} \right)\sin \left( {0.5\pi {y_1}} \right)\\ g = G + {\sum\nolimits_{i = 2}^n {\left( {{x_i} - G\left( t \right)} \right)} ^2}\\ G = \left| {\sin \left( {0.5\pi \frac{t}{{{n_T}}}} \right)} \right|\\ {y_i} = x_i^F, F = 1 + 100{\sin ^4}\left( {0.5\pi t} \right)\\ \textrm{PS}\left( t \right):0 \le {x_1} \le 1, {x_i} = G, \textrm{for}{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} i = 2, \cdots, n\\ \textrm{PF}\left( t \right):f_1^2 + f_2^2 = {\left( {1 + G} \right)^2} \end{array}$
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  算法性能评价比较

    Table  4  The comparison of algorithm performance

    测试函数 性能评价指标算法 IGD HVR
    FDA1 DNSGA-Ⅱ 0.071365018(0.002269256) 0.71946556 (0.000297)
    DSS 0.02600748(0.001803211) 0.70582515 (0.000535)
    PDMOP 0.015680472 (0.000359908) 0.73517365 (0.000364)
    FDA3 DNSGA-Ⅱ 0.044540016 (0.001073) 0.71305567 (0.000135)
    DSS 0.025739528 (0.001627) 0.6885821 (0.001138)
    PDMOP 0.01396887 (0.000212644) 0.72832574 (0.00032)
    FDA4 DNSGA-Ⅱ 0.52746455 (0.00360) 0.9912373 (4.065E-05)
    DSS 0.590349722 (0.019668538) 0.991158595 (0.00059)
    PDMOP 0.487834225 (0.002480901) 0.9936884 (4.83E-05)
    FDA5 DNSGA-Ⅱ 0.815775725 (0.0609696) 0.9958528 (3.26E-05)
    DSS 0.785075639 (0.020305) 0.981521674 (0.00057)
    PDMOP 0.767482022 (0.0258126) 0.99085766 (1.58E-06)
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2015-12-07
  • 录用日期:  2016-05-23
  • 刊出日期:  2017-02-01

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