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阿法狗围棋系统的简要分析

田渊栋

田渊栋. 阿法狗围棋系统的简要分析. 自动化学报, 2016, 42(5): 671-675. doi: 10.16383/j.aas.2016.y000001
引用本文: 田渊栋. 阿法狗围棋系统的简要分析. 自动化学报, 2016, 42(5): 671-675. doi: 10.16383/j.aas.2016.y000001
TIAN Yuan-Dong. A Simple Analysis of AlphaGo. ACTA AUTOMATICA SINICA, 2016, 42(5): 671-675. doi: 10.16383/j.aas.2016.y000001
Citation: TIAN Yuan-Dong. A Simple Analysis of AlphaGo. ACTA AUTOMATICA SINICA, 2016, 42(5): 671-675. doi: 10.16383/j.aas.2016.y000001

阿法狗围棋系统的简要分析

doi: 10.16383/j.aas.2016.y000001
详细信息
    作者简介:

    田渊栋 脸书人工智能研究所研究员.主要研究方向为深度学习及计算机视觉.2013至2014年曾任谷歌无人车组研究员/软件工程师.2008年毕业于上海交通大学获硕士学位,2013年于美国卡耐基梅隆大学机器人系获博士学位,曾获2013年国际计算机视觉会议(ICCV)马尔奖提名.E-mail:yuandong@fb.com

A Simple Analysis of AlphaGo

More Information
    Author Bio:

    Research scientist in Facebook AI Research, working on deep learning and computer vision. Prior to that, he was a researcher/software engineer in Google Self-driving Car Team in 2013»2014. He received Ph. D. in Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University in 2013, Bachelor and Master degrees in computer science in Shanghai Jiao Tong University. He is the recipient of 2013 ICCV Marr Prize Honorable Mentions.

  • 摘要: 谷歌的围棋系统阿法狗(AlphaGo)在三月的比赛中以4:1的成绩击败了围棋世界冠军李世石, 大大超过了许多人对计算机围棋程序何时能赶上人类职业高手的预期(约10~30年).本文在技术层面分析了阿法狗系统的组成部分, 并基于它过去的公开对局预测了它可能的弱点.
  • 图  1  AlphaGo的分析1

    Fig.  1  Analysis 1 of AlphaGo

    图  2  AlphaGo的分析2

    Fig.  2  Analysis 2 of AlphaGo

    表  1  阿法狗在快速走子中使用的盘面特征

    Table  1  Input features for rollout and tree policy

    Feature # of patterns Description
    Response 1 Whether move matches one or more response pattern features
    Save atari 1 Move saves stone(s) from capture
    Neighbour 8 Move is 8-connected to previous move
    Nakade 8 192 Move matches a nakade pattern at captured stone
    Response pattern 32 207 Move matches 12-point diamond pattern near previous move
    Non-response pattern 69 338 Move matches 3 £ 3 pattern around move
    Self-atari 1 Move allows stones to be captured
    Last move distance 34 Manhattan distance to previous two moves
    Non-response pattern 32 207 Move matches 12-point diamond pattern centred around move
    (Features used by the rollout pollcy (the frst set) and tree policy (the frst and second sets). Patterns are based on stone colour (black/white/empty) and liberties (1, 2,≥3) at each intersection of the pattern.)
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同版本阿法狗的等级分比较(等级分由一场内部锦标赛决出)

    Table  2  Results of a tournament between di®erent variants of AlphaGo

    Short name Policy network Value network Rollouts Mixing constant Policy GPUs Value GPUs Elo rating
    αrvp pσ vθ pπ λ= 0.5 2 6 2 890
    αvp pσ vθ - λ= 0 2 6 2 177
    αrp pσ - pπ λ= 1 8 0 2 416
    αrv [pτ] vθ pπ λ= 0.5 0 8 2 077
    αv [pτ] vθ - λ= 0 0 8 1 655
    αr [pτ] - pπ λ= 1 0 0 1 457
    αp pσ - - - 0 0 1 517
    Evaluating positions using rollouts only (αrp; αr), value nets only (αvp; αv), or mixing both (αrvp; αrv); either using the policy network ρσ(αrvp; αvp; αrp) or no policy network (αrvp; αvp; αrp), that is, instead using the placeholder probabilities from the tree policy pτ throughout. Each program used 5 s per move on a single machine with 48 CPUs and 8 GPUs. Elo ratings were computed by BayesElo.
    下载: 导出CSV
  • [1] Silver D, Huang A, Maddison C J, Guez A, Sifre L, van den Driessche G, Schrittwieser J, Antonoglou I, Panneershelvam V, Lanctot M, Dieleman S, Grewe D, Nham J, Kalchbrenner N, Sutskever I, Lillicrap T, Leach M, Kavukcuoglu K, Graepel T, Hassabis D. Mastering the game of go with deep neural networks and tree search. Nature, 2016, 529(7587): 484-489
    [2] Tian Y D, Zhu Y. Better computer go player with neural network and long-term prediction. In: International Conference on Learning Representation (ICLR). San Juan, Puerto Rico, 2016.
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2016-04-14
  • 录用日期:  2016-05-10
  • 刊出日期:  2016-05-01

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