Interval Cascade Intelligent Control in Vaper-water Plate-type Heat Exchange Process
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摘要: 汽水板式换热过程是以蒸汽阀门开度为输入,以蒸汽流量为内环输出,以供水温度为外环输出的强非线性串级工业过程,受到室外温度和厂区热用户放水的随机干扰,导致供水温度和蒸汽流量大范围波动.本文针对处于干扰环境下的具有不确定性和强非线性串级工业过程,将前馈补偿、串级PI控制和规则推理区间补偿控制相结合,提出了由外环供水温度前馈PI控制、内环蒸汽流量PI控制的串级控制与规则推理的内外环设定值区间补偿控制组成的区间串级智能控制方法,并成功应用于某选矿厂的汽水板式换热过程,工业应用结果表明所提出的方法在室外温度和热用户放水的随机干扰下,可以将供水温度和蒸汽流量同时控制在工艺要求的范围内.Abstract: The vaper-water plate-type heat exchange process(PHEP) is a strong nonlinear cascade industrial process where the input is the steam valve position and the outputs are the inner loop steam flow-rate and the outer loop supply water temperature. During its operation, some large random disturbances are generated from the outside temperature and the water discharged by users, the supply water temperature and the steam flow-rate undergo large fluctuations. This paper aims at the cascade industrial process with uncertainty and strong nonlinearity under disturbance environment, and combines feedforward compensation, cascade control and the rule based reasoning(RBR) interval compensation control together. A novel intelligent control method is established that includes the outer loop supply water temperature control with feedforward compensation, loop steam flow cascade control and set-point interval of compensation control based on interval RBR. An application to a real vaper-water plate-type heat exchanger is provided. The real application has shown that the proposed method can ensure the supply water temperature and the steam flow within their target ranges when the process is subject to random disturbances of outside temperature and water discharged by users.
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图 4 供水温度前馈PI控制和区间补偿控制算法结构图
Fig. 4 The supply water temperature control algorithm structure
图 5 采用区间串级智能控制方法时的被控对象输出、参考输入、可测干扰和控制输入
Fig. 5 The output,input,measurable disturbances and control inputs of using the method of intervals cascade intelligent control
图 9 采用区间串级智能控制方法时的被控对象输出、参考输入、控制输入和可测干扰
Fig. 9 The output,input,measurable disturbances and control inputs when using the proposed method
图 10 采用人工控制时的被控对象输出、控制输入和可测干扰
Fig. 10 The output,input,measurable disturbances and control inputs when using manual control
表 1 变量参数表
Table 1 Variable parameter list
变量 描述 变量 描述 $T$ 室内温度 $V$ 换热板体积 $T_{\rm out}$ 室外温度 $\mu$ 换热面修正系数 $y_2$ 供水温度 $K$ 换热系数 $y_1$ 蒸汽流量 $\eta$ 换热效率 ${y_{2\min} }$ 供水温度下限值 $H_v$ 蒸汽热含 ${y_{2\max} }$ 供水温度上限值 ${\rho _w}$ 水密度 ${y_{1\min} }$ 蒸汽流量下限值 $c_w$ 水比热 ${y_{1\max} }$ 蒸汽流量上限值 $k_0$ 蒸汽流量比例系数 ${y_{2ref}}$ 温度预设定值 $\tau$ 蒸汽流量实际常数 ${y_{2sp}}$ 温度设定值 $J$ 回水相对流量 ${y_{1ref}}$ 流量预设定值 $I$ 热交换特性参数 ${y_{1sp}}$ 流量设定值 ${\varphi _1},{\varphi _2}$ 设计参数 $u$ 阀门开度 $K_2$ 温度过程增益 $P_1$ 蒸汽压力 $T_2$ 温度时间常数 $T_1$ 蒸汽温度 ${\tau_2}$ 温度延迟时间 $T_3$ 回水温度 ${k_{p2}},{k_{i2}}$ 外环PI控制参数 $T_4$ 冷凝水温度 ${k_{f1}},{k_{f2}}$ 前馈控制参数 $F_2$ 供水流量 ${k_{p1}},{k_{i1}}$ 内环PI控制参数 $F_3$ 回水流量 $\varepsilon ,\lambda ,\alpha ,\beta $ 区间补偿控制参数 $F_4$ 冷凝水流量 $\phi $ 阀门阈值 $F_b$ 补水流量 ${T_{m1}}$ 流量采样周期 $F_r$ 放水总流量 ${T_{m2}}$ 温度采样周期 
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表 2 采用本文控制方法与人工控制方法对比数据
Table 2 Comparison of the data between the proposed method and the artificial control method
$y_2$ ~(℃) $y_1$ ~(t/h) $u$ ~(%) 本文 ±3 ±0.6 20 人工 ±8 ±2.0 40
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