基于多重注意结构的图像密集描述生成方法研究

刘青茹; 李刚; 赵创; 顾广华; 赵耀

doi:10.16383/j.aas.c220093

基于多重注意结构的图像密集描述生成方法研究

doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c220093

刘青茹^{1, 2,},
李刚^{1, 2,},
赵创^{1, 2,},
顾广华^{1, 2,},
赵耀^3,

1.
燕山大学信息科学与工程学院秦皇岛 066004
2.
河北省信息传输与信号处理重点实验室秦皇岛 066004
3.
北京交通大学信息科学研究所北京 100044

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(62072394), 河北省自然科学基金(F2021203019), 河北省重点实验室项目(202250701010046)资助

详细信息

作者简介:
刘青茹：燕山大学信息科学与工程学院硕士研究生. 2019年获得中北大学学士学位. 主要研究方向为图像语义描述. E-mail: ysu_lqr@163.com

李刚：燕山大学信息科学与工程学院副教授. 2009年获得燕山大学电路与系统专业博士学位. 主要研究方向为图像语义分类, 模式识别. E-mail: lg@ysu.edu.cn

赵创：燕山大学信息科学与工程学院硕士研究生. 2020年获得燕山大学学士学位. 主要研究方向为跨模态检索. E-mail: zhaocccchuang@163.com

顾广华：燕山大学信息科学与工程学院教授. 2013年获得北京交通大学信号与信息处理专业博士学位. 主要研究方向为图像理解, 图像检索. 本文通信作者. E-mail: guguanghua@ysu.edu.cn

赵耀：北京交通大学信息科学研究所教授. 1996年获得北京交通大学信号与信息处理专业博士学位. 主要研究方向为多媒体技术. E-mail: yzhao@bjtu.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-02-10
- 录用日期: 2022-05-17
- 网络出版日期: 2022-07-18
- 刊出日期: 2022-10-14

Dense Captioning Method Based on Multi-attention Structure

LIU Qing-Ru^{1, 2
,},
LI Gang^{1, 2
,},
ZHAO Chuang^{1, 2
,},
GU Guang-Hua^{1, 2
,},
ZHAO Yao^3
,

1.
School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004
2.
Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Transmission and Signal Processing, Qinhuangdao 066004
3.
Institute of Information Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044

Funds: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (62072394), Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (F2021203019), and Hebei Key Laboratory Project (202250701010046)

More Information

Author Bio:
LIU Qing-Ru　Master student at the School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University. She received her bachelor degree from North China University in 2019. Her main research interest is image semantic description

LI Gang　Associate professor at the School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University. He received his Ph.D. degree in circuits and systems from Yanshan University in 2009. His research interest covers image semantic classification and pattern recognition

ZHAO Chuang　Master student at the School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University. He received his bachelor degree from Yanshan University in 2020. His main research interest is cross-modal retrieval

GU Guang-Hua　Professor at the School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University. He received his Ph.D. degree in signal and information processing from Beijing Jiaotong University in 2013. His research interest covers image understanding and image retrieval. Corresponding author of this paper

ZHAO Yao　Professor at the Institute of Information Science, Beijing Jiaotong University. He received his Ph.D. degree in signal and information processing from Beijing Jiaotong University in 1996. His main research interest is multimedia technology

摘要

摘要: 图像密集描述旨在为复杂场景图像提供细节描述语句. 现有研究方法虽已取得较好成绩, 但仍存在以下两个问题: 1)大多数方法仅将注意力聚焦在网络所提取的深层语义信息上, 未能有效利用浅层视觉特征中的几何信息; 2)现有方法致力于改进感兴趣区域间上下文信息的提取, 但图像内物体空间位置信息尚不能较好体现. 为解决上述问题, 提出一种基于多重注意结构的图像密集描述生成方法—MAS-ED (Multiple attention structure-encoder decoder). MAS-ED通过多尺度特征环路融合(Multi-scale feature loop fusion, MFLF) 机制将多种分辨率尺度的图像特征进行有效集成, 并在解码端设计多分支空间分步注意力(Multi-branch spatial step attention, MSSA)模块, 以捕捉图像内物体间的空间位置关系, 从而使模型生成更为精确的密集描述文本. 实验在Visual Genome数据集上对MAS-ED进行评估, 结果表明MAS-ED能够显著提升密集描述的准确性, 并可在文本中自适应加入几何信息和空间位置信息. 基于长短期记忆网络(Long-short term memory, LSTM)解码网络框架, MAS-ED方法性能在主流评价指标上优于各基线方法.
- 图像密集描述 /
- 多重注意结构 /
- 多尺度特征环路融合 /
- 多分支空间分步注意力
Abstract: Dense captioning aims to provide detailed description sentences for complex scenes. Although the existing research methods have achieved good results, there are still the following two problems: 1) Most methods only focus on the deep semantic information extracted by the network, and fail to effectively utilize the geometric information in the shallow visual features. 2) Existing methods are dedicated to improving the extraction of contextual information between regions of interest, but the spatial location information of objects in images cannot be well represented. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes a dense captioning generation method based on multiple attention structure-encoder decoder (MAS-ED). MAS-ED effectively integrates image features of multiple resolution scales through a multi-scale feature loop fusion (MFLF) mechanism, and designs a multi-branch spatial step attention (MSSA) at the decoding end to capture the spatial relationship between objects in the image, this enables the method model to generate more accurate dense description text. In this paper, MAS-ED is evaluated on the Visual Genome dataset. The experimental results show that MAS-ED can significantly improve the accuracy of dense captions, and can adaptively add geometric information and spatial location information to the text. Based on the long-short term memory (LSTM) decoding network framework, the performance of the MAS-ED method in this paper outperforms all baseline methods in mainstream evaluation indicators.
- Dense captioning /
- multi-attention structure /
- multi-scale feature loop fusion (MFLF) /
- multi-branch spatial step attention (MSSA)

HTML全文

图 1 基于多重注意结构的图像密集描述生成方法

Fig. 1 Dense captioning method based on multi-attention structure

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图 2 多尺度特征环路融合机制

Fig. 2 Multi-scale feature loop fusion mechanism

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图 3 空间分步注意力模块

Fig. 3 Spatial step attention module

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图 4 多分支空间分步注意力模块

Fig. 4 Multi-branch spatial step attention module

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图 5 不同分支组合模型结果可视化(图中每行上面“[·]”表示语义流, 下面“[·]”表示几何流)

Fig. 5 Visualization of results of different semantic flow branching models (The upper “[·]” of each line in the figure represents the semantic flow, and the lower “[·]” represents the geometric flow)

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图 6 SSA模块支路模型的结果可视化

Fig. 6 Visualization of results from the SSA module branch model

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图 7 注意图可视化

Fig. 7 Attentional map visualization

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图 8 图像密集描述模型的定性分析

Fig. 8 Qualitative analysis of image dense captioning model

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表 1 基于LSTM解码网络密集描述算法mAP性能

Table 1 mAP performance of dense caption algorithms based on LSTM decoding network

模型	V1.0	V1.2
FCLN^[15]	5.39	5.16
T-LSTM^[17]	9.31	9.96
ImgG^[19]	9.25	9.68
COCD^[19]	9.36	9.75
COCG^[19]	9.82	10.39
CAG-Net^[18]	10.51	–
MAS-ED	10.68	11.04

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 基于非LSTM解码网络密集描述算法mAP性能

Table 2 mAP performance of dense caption algorithms based on non-LSTM decoding network

模型	V1.0	V1.2
TDC	10.64	10.33
TDC + ROCSU	11.49	11.90
MAS-ED	10.68	11.04

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表 3 VG数据集上密集描述模型mAP性能

Table 3 mAP performance of dense caption models on VG dataset

模型	VGG16	ResNet-152
Baseline^[17]	9.31	9.96
MFLF-ED	10.29	10.65
MSSA-ED	10.42	11.87
MAS-ED	10.68	11.04

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表 4 不同分支组合模型的mAP性能比较

Table 4 Comparison of mAP performance of different branch combination models

语义流	几何流
语义流	C2-C4	C2-C3 & C3-C4	C2-C4 + (C3-C4)	C2-C4 + (C2-C3 & C3-C4)
C3-C2	9.924	10.245	10.268	7.122
C4-C2	10.530	10.371	9.727	8.305
C4-C3 & C3-C2	10.125	10.349	10.474	10.299
C4-C2+(C3-C2)	10.654	10.420	10.504	10.230
C4-C2+(C4-C3&C3-C2)	10.159	10.242	10.094	7.704

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表 5 SSA模块支路模型的mAP性能

Table 5 mAP performance of SSA module branch model

模型	Up-ED	Down-ED	MSSA-ED
mAP	10.751	10.779	10.867

下载: 导出CSV

表 6 不同支路数对多分支解码器性能的影响

Table 6 Effects of different branch numbers on the performance of multi-branch decoders

模型	单支路	两支路	三支路
Up-ED	10.043	10.751	10.571
Down-ED	10.168	10.779	10.686
MSSA-ED	10.347	10.867	10.638

下载: 导出CSV

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