Bone Ultrasound Segmentation Network Based on Sequential Attention and Local Phase Guidance
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摘要: 在超声辅助的骨科手术导航中, 需要从采集的超声图像序列中精确分割出骨结构, 并展示给医生, 来辅助医生进行术中决策. 但是, 图像噪声、成像伪影以及模糊的骨边界导致从超声图像序列中精确分割提取骨结构十分困难. 为解决该问题, 提出一种新的基于序列注意力与局部相位引导的骨超声图像分割网络. 该网络一方面自适应地利用超声序列帧之间的关系即序列注意力来辅助骨结构的语义分割. 另一方面, 该网络通过引入局部相位引导模块, 突出骨边缘信息, 进一步提高分割精度. 利用包含19 050幅图像的骨超声数据集, 进行交叉实验、消融实验并与最新的超声骨分割方法进行比较. 实验结果表明所提方法对骨结构分割精度高, 优于现有的超声骨分割方法.Abstract: In the ultrasound assisted navigation of orthopaedics, the bone structure needs to be segmented accurately from the collected ultrasound images and displayed to the doctor to assist the intraoperative decision-making. However, it is difficult to segment bone structures from ultrasound images because of imaging noises, shadow artifacts and blurred bone boundaries. For solving this problem, this paper proposes a bone ultrasound image segmentation network based on sequential attention and local phase guidance. On the one hand, the network adaptively uses the relationship between frames of ultrasound sequence, that is, sequence attention, to assist the semantic segmentation of bone structures. On the other hand, the local phase guidance module is introduced to highlight the bone edge information and further improve the segmentation accuracy. We performed the cross validation, ablation experiments and the comparison experiments with the state-of-arts by using a dataset that contained 19 050 bone ultrasound images. The experimental results show that the proposed method has high accuracy and is superior to the existing bone segmentation methods.
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图 1 基于序列注意力与局部相位引导的骨超声图像分割网络系统框图; 图中ConvA表示卷积核为1×1 、步长为1的卷积操作; ConvB表示卷积核为3×3、 步长为1的卷积操作
Fig. 1 Bone ultrasound segmentation network based on sequential attention and local phase guidance; ConvA denotes the convolution operation with kernel size of 1×1 and a stride of 1; ConvB denotes the convolution operation with kernel size of 3×3 and a stride of 1
图 3 10折交叉实验中训练和测试超声图像帧数的分布
Fig. 3 The distributions of training and testing frames in 10-fold validation experiments
图 4 10次交叉实验的交并比IoU值的箱线图
Fig. 4 Boxplots for IoU values in 10-fold validation experiments
图 5 利用所提出的分割网络对骨结构进行分割的实际结果(第1行: 待分割的骨超声图像;第2行: 专家手动标注的骨结构; 第3行: 利用所提出的方法自动分割的骨结构)
Fig. 5 Bone segmentation results by using the proposed segmentation network (The first line: Ultrasound bone images to be segmented; The second line: Bone structures manually delineated by experts; The third line: Segmented bone structures using the proposed method)
图 6 消融实验结果(本文所提出的分割网络与两个变体模型的骨分割实验结果比较)
Fig. 6 Ablation results (Comparison between our proposed network and two variants)
图 7 局部相位模块消融实验结果示例. 第1帧: 超声图像帧; 第2帧: 手动标注的骨结构;第3帧: 带有局部相位模块的模型分割结果; 第4帧: 去除局部相位模块的模型分割结果
Fig. 7 Ablation results of local phase guidance (The first graph: Ultrasound image frame; The second graph: Manually delineated bone structures; The third graph: Results of the model with local phase guidance; The fourth graph: Results of the model without local phase guidance)
表 1 本研究采集的超声图像序列数据集的信息
Table 1 Information of the ultrasound image sequence dataset collected in this study
志愿者ID 图像帧数量 图像分辨率(mm/像素) 1 1 900 0.19 ~ 0.21 2 2 010 0.17 ~ 0.21 3 1 740 0.19 ~ 0.21 4 1 870 0.21 ~ 0.23 5 2 010 0.19 ~ 0.23 6 1 980 0.17 ~ 0.21 7 1 560 0.18 ~ 0.23 8 1 980 0.19 ~ 0.21 9 1 900 0.21 ~ 0.23 10 2 100 0.17 ~ 0.23 
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表 2 所提出的分割网络对10名志愿者采集的超声序列图像的分割结果
Table 2 Results of our proposed model obtained on the ultrasound images from ten volunteers
Exp_K 交并比 IoU 平均欧氏距离 AED Exp_1 0.91 ± 0.08 0.41 ± 0.06 Exp_2 0.90 ± 0.08 0.39 ± 0.07 Exp_3 0.91 ± 0.07 0.39 ± 0.06 Exp_4 0.92 ± 0.07 0.37 ± 0.05 Exp_5 0.90 ± 0.07 0.41 ± 0.08 Exp_6 0.89 ± 0.08 0.43 ± 0.08 Exp_7 0.91 ± 0.06 0.42 ± 0.07 Exp_8 0.90 ± 0.07 0.41 ± 0.09 Exp_9 0.92 ± 0.06 0.40 ± 0.07 Exp_10 0.91 ± 0.08 0.39 ± 0.09
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表 3 针对主干网络的比较实验结果
Table 3 Comparison experiments by using different backbones
主干网络 ResNet18 ResNet34 ResNet50 ResNet101 VGGNet 超声图像骨分割平均交并比IoU值 0.89 ± 0.10 0.90 ± 0.08 0.91 ± 0.07 0.89 ± 0.09 0.89 ± 0.09
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表 4 本文所提出的超声图像分割网络与其他最新的分割方法的实验结果(IoU值)比较
Table 4 Comparison of the experimental results (IoU values) of the ultrasound image segmentation network proposed in this study with other state-of-the-art segmentation methods
实验结果/
方法局部相位引导
CNNBoneNet模型 滤波层引导
CNN时空CNN 注意引导网络
AGNet三重注意力网络
TriANet本文方法 Exp_1 0.88 0.88 0.87 0.85 0.85 0.86 0.91 Exp_2 0.87 0.88 0.86 0.84 0.85 0.85 0.90 Exp_3 0.87 0.89 0.87 0.86 0.86 0.88 0.91 Exp_4 0.89 0.89 0.87 0.85 0.86 0.87 0.92 Exp_5 0.87 0.89 0.85 0.86 0.87 0.87 0.90 Exp_6 0.86 0.88 0.85 0.84 0.85 0.85 0.89 Exp_7 0.86 0.90 0.86 0.84 0.86 0.87 0.91 Exp_8 0.87 0.88 0.84 0.85 0.86 0.86 0.90 Exp_9 0.89 0.91 0.89 0.86 0.87 0.88 0.92 Exp_10 0.87 0.89 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.89 0.91 平均值 0.87 ± 0.13 0.88 ± 0.08 0.86 ± 0.14 0.87 ± 0.12 0.86 ± 0.09 0.88 ± 0.10 0.91 ± 0.07
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