综合集成研讨厅体系起源、发展现状与趋势

王丹力; 郑楠; 刘成林

doi:10.16383/j.aas.c210062

综合集成研讨厅体系起源、发展现状与趋势

doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c210062

王丹力^{1, 2,},
郑楠^{1, 2},
刘成林^{2, 3,}

1.
中国科学院自动化研究所复杂系统管理与控制国家重点实验室北京 100190
2.
中国科学院自动化研究所模式识别国家重点实验室北京 100190
3.
中国科学院大学人工智能学院北京 100049

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(61872363), 北京市自然基金委—北京市教委联合项目(21JD0044), 中国科学院自动化研究所基础科研项目(Y9J2FZ0801), 中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA27000000)资助

详细信息

作者简介:
王丹力：中国科学院自动化研究所研究员. 主要研究方向为复杂系统, 综合集成, 数据挖掘, 群体智能, 人机交互, 生理计算. E-mail: danli.wang@ia.ac.cn

郑楠：中国科学院自动化研究所复杂系统管理与控制国家重点实验室副研究员. 主要研究方向为复杂系统, 综合集成, 数据挖掘, 个性化推荐. 本文通信作者. E-mail: nan.zheng@ia.ac.cn

刘成林：中国科学院自动化研究所模式识别国家重点实验室研究员, 主任. 主要研究方向为模式识别, 机器学习, 视觉大数据处理. E-mail: liucl@nlpr.ia.ac.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-01-20
- 网络出版日期: 2021-05-30
- 刊出日期: 2021-08-20

Hall for Workshop of Metasynthetic Engineering: The Origin, Development Status and Future

WANG Dan-Li^{1, 2
,},
ZHENG Nan^{1, 2},
LIU Cheng-Lin^{2, 3
,}

1.
The State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190
2.
National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190
3.
School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

Funds: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (61872363), Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (21JD0044), the Research and Development Fund of Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Y9J2FZ0801), the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA27000000)

More Information

Author Bio:
WANG Dan-Li　Professor at the State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Her research interest covers complex systems, metasynthesis, data mining, group intelligence, human interaction, and psychosomatic computation

ZHENG Nan　Associate professor at the State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Her research interest covers complex systems, metasynthesis, data mining and personalized recommendations. Corresponding author of this paper

LIU Cheng-Lin　Professor and director of National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation of Chinese Academy of Sciences. His research interest covers pattern recognition, machine learning, and big visual data processing

摘要

摘要:
20世纪80年代前后, 国外学术界开始了复杂性与复杂系统的研究. 与此同时, 以钱学森为代表的一批中国学者也开展了与此相关的系统科学和开放的复杂巨系统的研究, 开创性地提出了综合集成法, 进一步发展为综合集成研讨厅体系, 并取得了一些成功应用. 但是由于当时人们对综合集成研讨厅体系的认识不足, 以及技术条件所限, 其应用受到了限制. 随着思维科学/认知科学、系统科学和信息技术、计算机技术、网络通信技术巨大进步, 特别是近年来大数据、云计算、人工智能的飞速发展, 出现了越来越多的复杂巨系统, 亟待有效方法来处理这类问题. 在此背景下, 综合集成研讨厅体系又获得广泛关注. 本文回顾了综合集成研讨厅体系产生和发展的重要历程, 分析了其典型案例, 介绍了国内外的相关研究进展, 最后提出了未来发展的几个方向. 本文力图为从事复杂巨系统研究和实践的相关人员提供理论方法指导和工程范例.
- 复杂性 /
- 复杂系统 /
- 综合集成 /
- 综合集成研讨厅体系
Abstract:
Around the 1980s, the international academia began to study complexity and complex systems. At the same time, a group of Chinese scientists represented by Qian Xue-Sen also carried out research on system science and open complex giant systems (OCGSs). They proposed the innovative methodology of metasynthesis, and further developed to hall for workshop of metasynthetic engineering. In early days, although this method had some successful applications, due to people＇ s insufficient understanding of the metasynthesis and the limitation of technical condition, metasynthesis was not widely used. In recent years, with the tremendous progress of noetic science/cognitive science, system science and information technology, computing technology, and network communication technology, especially the rapid development of big data, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence, more and more OCGSs have appeared and urgently need effective methods to process. In this context, metasynthesis has re-gained widespread attention. This article reviews the history of the generation and development of metasynthesis, analyzes typical cases of this method, introduces related research progress, and finally, proposes several future development directions. This article strives to provide theoretical guidance and engineering examples for those involved in the research and practice of OCGSs.
- Complexity /
- complex system /
- metasynthesis /
- hall for workshop of metasynthetic engineering
注释:

1) ¹ http://news.sohu.com/20080322/n255846609.shtml

2) 收稿日期 2021-01-20 录用日期 2021-04-16 Manuscript received January 20, 2021; accepted April 16, 2021 国家自然科学基金(61872363), 北京市自然基金委—北京市教委联合项目(21JD0044), 中国科学院自动化研究所基础科研项目(Y9J2FZ0801), 中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA27000000) Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (61872363), Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (21JD0044), the Research and Development Fund of Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Y9J2FZ0801), the Strate-gic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sci-ences (XDA27000000) 本文责任编委莫红 Recommended by Associate Editor MO Hong 1. 中国科学院自动化研究所复杂系统管理与控制国家重点实验室北京 100190 2. 中国科学院大学人工智能学院北京 100049 3. 中国科学院自动化研究所模式识别国家重点实验室北京 100190 1. The State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of

3) Sciences, Beijing 100190 2. School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 3. Na-tional Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190

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图 1 综合集成法示意图

Fig. 1 Diagram of metasynthesis

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图 2 综合集成研讨厅框架结构示意图

Fig. 2 Structural representation of HWME

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图 3 基于信息空间的综合集成研讨厅

Fig. 3 Example of CWME

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图 4 三个研讨空间

Fig. 4 M-Space, M-Interaction and M-Computing

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图 5 综合集成的模型框架

Fig. 5 Model framework of metasynthesis

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图 6 宏观经济决策系统结构图

Fig. 6 Structure diagram of macro-economic decision system

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图 7 战略决策综合集成研讨系统架构

Fig. 7 System architecture of HWME for strategic decision

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图 8 巨灾防御与应急决策仿真系统总体框架

Fig. 8 General framework of catastrophe prevention and emergency decision simulation system

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表 1 国外对复杂性、复杂系统研究的代表性工作

Table 1 Representative work abroad on complexity and complex system

序号	机构/代表学者	研究内容	机构网址	文献
1	圣菲研究所 (Santa Fe Institute, SFI) Holland、Arthur、Kauffman 等学者	复杂自适应系统; 开创了用计算机直接去探索开放的复杂巨系统, 从“半微观”入手, 找出可能出现的宏观行为, 致力于理解和统一复杂的物理、生物、社会、文化、技术甚至可能的天文生物学世界中潜在的共享模式.	http://www.santafe.edu/	[38, 40-41]
2	乔治·梅森大学 (George Mason University) 集成科学高级研究所Warfield 等学者	结构学派, 主要采用形式逻辑 (包括集合论、关系论、图论、布尔代数等) 来描述复杂性. 他们认为复杂性存在于人的头脑中. 提出了复杂性的 20 条定律 (Law)、对这 20 条定律的分类 (Taxonomy)以及衡量复杂性的 5 个指标 (Index), 这三者统称为 LTI 集.	https://www2.gmu.edu/	[42-43]
3	麻省理工大学 (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT) Forrester、Senge 等学者	系统动力学派, 采用常微分方程描述复杂问题, 并认为复杂性存在于所研究的系统之中. 这一学派主要研究组织理论, 特别是学习型组织等问题; 探索如何改造现有的各种组织, 使之能以“整体运作” 的全新方式进行思考, 从而提升人类组织的“群体智力” 来面对复杂问题.	https://www.mit.edu/	[44]
4	Los Alamos 的非线性研究中心(Center for Nonlinear Studies, CNLS) Deka、Chertkov、RussellBent 等学者	混沌理论学派, 用偏微分方程来描述复杂系统的特性, 认为复杂性存在于所研究的系统之中.	https://cnls.lanl.gov/External/	[45-49]
5	国际系统工程研究所 (IIASA) Ermolieva、Folberth 等学者	该机构对全球性问题进行政策导向的研究, 具体的研究领域涵盖了系统工程、环境保护、公共服务等多个层面内容.	www.iiasa.ac.at	[50-52]
6	关系复杂性评估中心 (The Centre for the Evaluation of Complexity Across the Nexus, CECAN) Gilbert、Ahrweiler 等学者	该机构致力于研究食品、能源、水资源和环境领域的相关政策, 使其适应复杂的人类社会.	https://www.cecan.ac.uk/	[53-56]
7	美国东北大学复杂网络研究中心(Northeastern University, Network Science Institute, NetSI) Friedland、Grinberg 等学者	该机构的研究方向涵盖了生物、技术、信息和社会系统等多个领域, 其中包括大型集体的决策和性能.	www.barabasilab.com	[57-58]
8	美国圣母大学复杂网络研究中心 (University of Notre Dame, Lucy Family Institute for Data and Society) Chawla 等学者	该机构在社会、物理、生物、化学、健康与福祉、组织和防御系统的重大挑战问题陈述中进行跨学科的研究.	https://cnds.nd.edu/	[59-60]
9	新英格兰复杂系统研究所 (New England Complex Systems Institute, NECSI) Bar-Yam、Morales 等学者	在复杂系统科学及其应用的开发中发挥了重要作用. 该机构研究系统内的交互如何决定其行为模式, 以及系统如何与环境交互.	https://necsi.edu/	[61-66]
10	悉尼科技大学 (University of Technology Sydney, UTS) Cao 等学者	对于复杂组织与企业、复杂数据系统、复杂知识发现系统、复杂人工智能系统等中所涉及的多种复杂性、多种智能、多种交互与耦合等以及它们的综合集成进行了广泛与深入的研究, 对综合集成计算与工程开展了扩充与应用.	https://datasciences.org/Metasynthetic-engineering/	[12-15, 67-68]

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表 2 国内对开放的复杂巨系统及综合集成法的研究

Table 2 Domestic research on open complex giant system and metasynthesis

序号	机构/代表学者	研究内容	文献
1	中国科学院系统科学研究所顾基发、唐锡晋等学者	从综合、集成、复杂问题求解等角度出发, 对模型集成与意见综合进行国内外调研和分析. 提出“知识创造场”, 研究了人机结合对群体知识创造的有效支持, 探讨了物理−事理−人理系统方法应用于综合集成研讨系统的实现.	[76-83]
2	中国航天科技集团公司 710 研究所于景元、周晓纪等学者	在进行物价补贴、定价和工资的有关课题中, 运用了人机结合的思想, 将人的经验、知识和智慧与各种资料信息集成起来, 达到定性认识到定量认识的提升. 对现代科学技术体系、总体设计部与综合集成方法间的关系展开探讨.	[84-88]
3	北京大学宋刚等学者	对综合集成法研究的起源及其演进发展进行了系统性的综述, 揭示了整体演进规律. 指出社会实践是其发展的主要动因, 具有明显的跨学科属性, 研究了综合集成法在智慧城市、创新 2.0的时代背景下的应用场景和理论创新.	[89-90]
4	中国航天系统科学与工程研究院薛惠峰等学者	以综合集成法为基础, 提出综合提升方法, 构建了基于综合集成研讨厅, 以水资源管理为例, 实现了智慧水利资源管理平台.	[91]
5	国防大学胡晓峰等学者	以战略决策问题为应用背景, 以综合集成法为指导, 从技术的视角讨论了“综合集成研讨厅”的有关问题, 提出了一种可用于军事战略决策的综合集成研讨环境的 XOD 体系.	[92]
6	中国人民大学苗东升等学者	从哲学层面探讨综合集成法, 在认识论层面突出了认识过程与知识体系的辩证性. 认为综合集成法过于强调应用, 其理论体系尚未建立.	[93-95]
7	北京大学冯国瑞等学者	从哲学层面探讨综合集成法, 指出开放的复杂巨系统理论从复杂系统方面揭示了物质统一性, 在方法论上起到连接作用, 综合集成法从定性、定量认识的视角重新审视了认识发展过程.	[96-98]
8	北京联合大学卢明森等学者	指出大成智慧是现代科学技术体系、系统科学、思维科学等的综合集成. 主编了《创新思维学引论》(普通高等教育 “十五” 国家级规划教材)一书, 从创新思维的基本原理、创新思维必备的心理素质、创新思维的方式、方法与方法论, 以及创新思维实践等角度系统性的阐述了创新思维学, 为我国开展创新性思维教育做出了贡献.	[99-103]

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