单幅图像超分辨率重建技术研究进展

张芳; 赵东旭; 肖志涛; 耿磊; 吴骏; 刘彦北

doi:10.16383/j.aas.c200777

单幅图像超分辨率重建技术研究进展

doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c200777

张芳^{1, 2,},
赵东旭^{1, 2,},
肖志涛^{1, 2,},
耿磊^{1, 2,},
吴骏^{2, 3,},
刘彦北^{1, 2,}

1.
天津工业大学生命科学学院天津 300387
2.
天津市光电检测技术与系统重点实验室天津 300387
3.
天津工业大学电子与信息工程学院天津 300387

基金项目: 天津市高等学校创新团队培养计划(TD13-5034)资助

详细信息

作者简介:
张芳：天津工业大学生命科学学院教授. 2009年获天津大学大学光学工程专业博士学位. 主要研究方向为图像处理与模式识别. E-mail: hhzhangfang@126.com

赵东旭：天津工业大学生命科学学院硕士研究生. 2018年获天津工业大学电子信息工程专业学士学位. 主要研究方向为图像处理. E-mail: zhaodongxu1028@163.com

肖志涛：天津工业大学生命科学学院教授. 2003 年获天津大学电子信息工程学院博士学位. 主要研究方向为智能信号处理和图像处理与模式识别. 本文通信作者. E-mail: xiaozhitao@tiangong.edu.cn

耿磊：天津工业大学生命科学学院教授. 2012年获天津大学精密仪器与光电子工程学院博士学位. 主要研究方向为图像处理与模式识别,智能信号处理技术与系统和DSP系统研发. E-mail: genglei@tiangong.edu.cn

吴骏：天津工业大学电子与信息工程学院副教授. 2007 年获天津大学电子信息工程学院博士学位. 主要研究方向为图像处理与模式识别和人工神经网络. E-mail: wujun@tiangong.edu.cn

刘彦北：天津工业大学生命科学学院副教授. 2017年获天津大学大学电路与系统专业博士学位. 主要研究方向为机器学习与医学数据分析. E-mail: liuyanbei@tiangong.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-09-28
- 网络出版日期: 2021-08-11
- 刊出日期: 2022-11-22

Research Progress of Single Image Super-resolution Reconstruction Technology

ZHANG Fang^{1, 2
,},
ZHAO Dong-Xu^{1, 2
,},
XIAO Zhi-Tao^{1, 2
,},
GENG Lei^{1, 2
,},
WU Jun^{2, 3
,},
LIU Yan-Bei^{1, 2
,}

1.
School of Life Science, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387
2.
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Detection Technology and System, Tianjin 300387
3.
School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387

Funds: Supported by Innovative Research Team Program of Tianjin Universities (TD13-5034)

More Information

Author Bio:
ZHANG Fang　Professor at the School of Life Science, Tiangong University. She received her Ph.D. degree in optical engineering from Tianjin University in 2009. Her research interest covers image processing and pattern recognition

ZHAO Dong-Xu　Master student at the School of Life Sciences, Tiangong University. She received her bachelor degree from the School of Electronic Information Engineering, Tiangong University in 2018. Her main research interest is image processing

XIAO Zhi-Tao　Professor at the School of Life Science, Tiangong University. He received his Ph.D. degree from the School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tianjin University in 2003. His research interest covers intelligent signal processing, image processing and pattern recognition. Corresponding author of this paper

GENG Lei　Professor at the Sch-ool of Life Science, Tiangong University. He received his Ph.D. degree from the School of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University in 2012. His research interest covers image processing and pattern recognition, intelligent signal processing technology and system, DSP system research and development

WU Jun　Associate professor at the School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tiangong University. He received his Ph.D. degree from the School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tianjin University in 2007. His research interest covers image processing and pattern recognition, and artificial neural network

LIU Yan-Bei　Associate professor at the School of Life Science, Tiangong University. He received his Ph.D. degree in circuit and system from Tianjin University in 2017. His research interest covers machine learning and medical data analysis

摘要

摘要: 图像分辨率是衡量一幅图像质量的重要标准. 在军事、医学和安防等领域, 高分辨率图像是专业人士分析问题并做出准确判断的前提. 根据成像采集设备、退化因素等条件对低分辨率图像进行超分辨率重建成为一个既具有研究价值又极具挑战性的难点问题. 首先简述了图像超分辨率重建的概念、重建思想和方法分类; 然后重点分析用于单幅图像超分辨率重建的空域方法, 梳理基于插值和基于学习两大类重建方法中的代表性算法及其特点; 之后结合用于超分辨率重建技术的数据集, 重点分析比较了传统超分辨率重建方法和基于深度学习的典型超分辨率重建方法的性能; 最后对图像超分辨率重建未来的发展趋势进行展望.
- 超分辨率重建 /
- 单幅图像 /
- 空域方法 /
- 深度学习
Abstract: Image resolution is an important criterion to measure the quality of an image. High-resolution images are a prerequisite for professionals to analyze problems and make accurate judgments in the fields of military, medicine, and security. The super-resolution reconstruction of low-resolution images according to conditions such as imaging acquisition equipment and degradation factors has become a difficult problem that is both valuable and challenging for research. This paper first briefly describes the concept, reconstruction ideas and method classification of image super-resolution reconstruction. Secondly, the spatial methods for single image super-resolution reconstruction are analyzed, and the representative algorithms and their characteristics of the interpolation-based method and learning-based method are sorted out. Then, combined with the data set used for super-resolution reconstruction technology, the performances of traditional super-resolution reconstruction method and typical super-resolution reconstruction method based on deep learning are analyzed and compared. Finally, the future development trend of image super-resolution reconstruction is prospected.
- Super resolution reconstruction /
- single image /
- spatial method /
- deep learning

HTML全文

图 1 单幅图像SR重建方法分类图

Fig. 1 Classification of single image SR reconstruction method

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图 2 双三次插值过程示意图

Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of the bicubic interpolation

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图 3 基于深度学习的SR方法网络结构图

Fig. 3 Network structure of SR method based on deep learning

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图 4 不同尺度模型SR结构

Fig. 4 SR structure with different scales

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图 5 SR重建方法本质的联系和差异

Fig. 5 Relations and differences of SR reconstruction methods

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图 6 基于传统小波变换和与深度学习相结合的小波变换SR重建方法流程图

Fig. 6 SR reconstruction method based on traditional wavelet transform and wavelet transform combined with deep learning

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表 1 典型深度学习网络内部结构

Table 1 The internal structure of a typical deep learning network

方法	网络结构	作用
VDSR^[78]	残差学习	加快深度网络收敛
DRCN^[79]	递归监督、跳跃连接	减缓梯度爆炸或梯度消失, 存储输入信号用于目标预测
DRRN^[82]	全局残差学习	学习复杂特征, 帮助梯度传播
	局部残差学习	携带丰富的细节信息
	递归块	权值共享, 多路径递归连接
SRDenseNet^[83]	密集跳跃连接	增强不同层间的特征融合
EDSR^[91]	残差块	增强初始层级与深度层级的联系
MemNet^[85]	内存块	自适应地学习不同内存的不同权重
	递归单元	控制应该保留多少长期内存
	门单元	存储多少短期内存
RDN^[86]	残差密集块	读取前一个RDN状态, 增强层间连接
RDN^[86]	连续记忆机制	全局特征融合, 挖掘分层信息
SRFBN^[96]	反馈块、反馈机制	共享权重, 帮助更好的高级信息表达; 高级信息回传给低级信息
RCAN^[99]	通道注意力机制	分级标定图像低级和高级语义信息

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表 2 SR网络输入及层数对照表

Table 2 Comparison of SR network input and layer number

方法	网络输入	网络层数
SRCNN	LR + BI	3
FSRCNN	LR	8
ESPCN	LR	3
VDSR	LR ＋ BI	20
DRCN	LR ＋ BI	20
LapSRN	LR	27
RED	LR	30
DRRN	LR + BI	52
SRDenseNet	LR	64
SRGAN	LR + BI	54
MemNet	LR ＋ BI	80
RDN	LR	20 (RDB)

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表 3 SR重建图像常用质量评价方法

Table 3 Common quality evaluation methods for SR reconstructed images

特点		类别	常用评估方法	适用场景	优缺点		使用方法
主观	全参考	基于评分	MOS/DMOS	不受距离、设备、光照、及观测者的视觉能力、情绪等因素影响的情况	优点: 能够真实的反映图像的直观质量, 评价结果可靠, 无技术障碍.	缺点: 无法应用数学模型对其进行描述, 耗时多、费用高. 易受观测动机、观测环境等诸多因素的影响.	根据评分表分别对参考图像和待测图像评分
客观	全参考 (真值图像 + 失真图像)	基于像素	MSR/PSNR	—	优点: 计算形式上非常简单, 物理意义理解也很清晰.	缺点: 未考虑将人类视觉系统特性, 单纯从数学角度来分析差异, 未与图像的感知质量产生联系.	—
		基于人类视觉系统 (结构和特征)	SSIM/MS-SSIM/ FSIM/VIF/IFC	参考图像完整的情况	优点: 从整体上直接模拟HVS(人类视觉系统)抽取对象结构的人类视觉功能, 更符合视觉感知.	缺点: 从图像像素值的全局统计出发, 未考虑人眼的局部视觉因素, 对于图像局部质量无从把握.	所有像素点对应比较
		基于深度学习	NAR-DCNN^[145]/ LPIPS^[146]	—	—	—	—
	盲参考 (失真图像)	基于感知/概率模型	PI^[147]/Ma^[148]/ NIQE^[149]/ BLIINDS^[150]/ BIQI^[151]/ BRISQUE^[151]	无参考图像的情况. 无需参考图像, 灵活性强.	优点: 直接从原始图像像素学习判别图像特征, 而不使用手工提取特征.	共性: 首先对理想图像的特征做出某种假设, 转化成一个分类或回归问题; 再为该假设建立相应的数学分析模型, 学习特征; 最后通过计算待评图像在该模型下的表现特征, 从而得到图像的质量评价结果.	特征由自然场景统计提取
	盲参考 (失真图像)	基于深度学习 (网络模型)	DB-CNN^[152]/ RankIQA^[153]/ DIQI^[154]	无参考图像的情况. 无需参考图像, 灵活性强.	优点: 直接从原始图像像素学习判别图像特征, 而不使用手工提取特征.		CNN/CNN+回归模型提取特征

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