基于旋转框精细定位的遥感目标检测方法研究

朱煜; 方观寿; 郑兵兵; 韩飞

doi:10.16383/j.aas.c200261

基于旋转框精细定位的遥感目标检测方法研究

doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c200261

朱煜^1,,
方观寿^1,,
郑兵兵^1,,
韩飞^1,

1.
华东理工大学信息科学与工程学院上海 200237

基金项目: 上海市科学技术委员会(17DZ1100808)资助

详细信息

作者简介:
朱煜：华东理工大学信息科学与工程学院教授. 1999年获得南京大学博士学位. 主要研究方向为图像处理, 计算机视觉, 多媒体通信和深度学习. 本文通信作者. E-mail: zhuyu@ecust.edu.cn

方观寿：华东理工大学信息科学与工程学院硕士研究生. 主要研究方向为目标检测, 深度学习. E-mail: y30180616@mail.ecust.edu.cn

郑兵兵：华东理工大学信息科学与工程学院博士研究生. 主要研究方向为医学图像处理, 深度学习和计算机视觉. E-mail: bostonkg@outlook.com

韩飞：华东理工大学信息科学与工程学院硕士研究生. 主要研究方向为目标检测, 计算机视觉和深度学习. E-mail: fei-han_huali@163.com

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-04-29
- 录用日期: 2020-09-07
- 网络出版日期: 2023-01-06
- 刊出日期: 2023-02-20

Research on Detection Method of Refined Rotated Boxes in Remote Sensing

1.
School of Information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237

Funds: Supported by Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (17DZ1100808)

More Information

Author Bio:
ZHU Yu　Professor at the School of Information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology. She received her Ph.D. degree from Nanjing University in 1999. Her research interest covers image processing, computer vision, multi-media communication, and deep learning. Corresponding author of this paper

FANG Guan-Shou　Master student at the School of Information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology. His research interest covers object detection and deep learning

ZHENG Bing-Bing　Ph.D. candidate at the School of Information Sc-ience and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology. His research interest covers medical image processing, deep learning, and computer vision

HAN Fei　Master student at the School of Information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology. His research interest covers object detection, computer vision, and deep learning

摘要

摘要: 遥感图像中的目标往往呈现出任意方向排列, 而常见的目标检测算法均采用水平框检测, 并不能满足这类场景的应用需求. 因此提出一种旋转框检测网络R²-FRCNN. 该网络利用粗调与细调两阶段实现旋转框检测, 粗调阶段将水平框转换为旋转框, 细调阶段进一步优化旋转框的定位. 针对遥感图像存在较多小目标的特点, 提出像素重组金字塔结构, 融合深浅层特征, 提升复杂背景下小目标的检测精度. 此外, 为了在金字塔各层中提取更加有效的特征信息, 在粗调阶段设计一种积分与面积插值法相结合的感兴趣区域特征提取方法, 同时在细调阶段设计旋转框区域特征提取方法. 最后在粗调和细调阶段均采用全连接层与卷积层相结合的预测分支, 并且利用SmoothL_n作为网络的回归损失函数, 进一步提升算法性能. 提出的网络在大型遥感数据集DOTA上进行评估, 评估指标平均准确率达到0.7602. 对比实验表明了R²-FRCNN网络的有效性.
- 遥感图像 /
- 旋转框检测 /
- 两阶段调整 /
- 像素重组金字塔 /
- 区域特征提取
Abstract: The objects in remote sensing images are often shown in any direction. The common algorithms of object detection adopt horizontal detection, which cannot fulfill the application requirements in remote sensing. Therefore, this paper proposes an object detector of rotated boxes named R²-FRCNN. The network adopts two stages of rough and refined adjustments to realize the detection of rotated boxes. The rough adjustment stage is used to transform the horizontal boxes into rotated boxes, and the refined adjustment stage is used to further optimize the position of the rotated boxes. In view of the fact that there are many small objects in remote sensing images, this paper proposes a pixel-recombination pyramid structure to improve the detection accuracy of small objects in a complex background by integrating deep and shallow features. In addition, in order to extract more effective feature information from each layer of the pyramid, this paper designs a region pooling method combining integration and area interpolation in the rough adjustment stage, and a region pooling method of rotated boxes in the refined adjustment stage. Finally, this paper adopts the prediction branch combining the fully connected layers and the convolutional layers, and takes the SmoothL_n as the regression loss function of the network to further improve the performance of the algorithm. The network proposed in this paper is evaluated on a large remote sensing dataset DOTA, and the evaluation mean average precision reaches 0.7602. Comparative experiments show the effectiveness of R²-FRCNN modules.
- Remote sensing images /
- rotated boxes detection /
- two stages adjustment /
- pixel-recombination pyramid /
- region feature extraction

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图 1 遥感图像目标检测问题可视化

Fig. 1 Visualization of remote sensing images object detection problem

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图 2 R²-FRCNN网络结构图

Fig. 2 The structure of R²-FRCNN

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图 3 像素重组金字塔结构

Fig. 3 The structure of pixel-recombination pyramid

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图 4 特征融合结构

Fig. 4 The structure of feature fusion

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图 5 常用RoI特征提取示意图

Fig. 5 The schematic diagram of commonRoI feature extraction

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图 6 IRoIPool特征提取示意图

Fig. 6 The diagram of IRoIPool feature extraction

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图 7 旋转RoI特征提取示意图

Fig. 7 The diagram of rotated RoI feature extraction

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图 8 预测分支结构图

Fig. 8 The diagram of prediction branch

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图 9 在DOTA上训练过程损失曲线图

Fig. 9 Train loss on DOTA

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图 10 各类别检测结果展示

Fig. 10 Visualization of each category detection

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表 1 不同方法在DOTA数据集的检测精度对比(%)

Table 1 Comparison of detection accuracy of different methods in DOTA (%)

类别	R²CNN^[10]	RT^[12]	CADNet^[13]	SCRDet^[15]	R³Det^[16]	GV^[17]	本文方法
飞机	80.94	88.64	87.80	89.98	89.24	89.64	89.10
棒球场	65.67	78.52	82.40	80.65	80.81	85.00	81.22
桥梁	35.34	43.44	49.40	52.09	51.11	52.26	54.47
田径场	67.44	75.92	73.50	68.36	65.62	77.34	72.97
小型车辆	59.92	68.81	71.10	68.36	70.67	73.01	79.99
大型车辆	50.91	73.68	64.50	60.32	76.03	73.14	82.28
船舶	55.81	83.59	76.60	72.41	78.32	86.82	87.64
网球场	90.67	90.74	90.90	90.85	90.83	90.74	90.54
篮球场	66.92	77.27	79.20	87.94	84.89	79.02	87.31
储油罐	72.39	81.46	73.30	86.86	84.42	86.81	86.33
足球场	55.06	58.39	48.40	65.02	65.10	59.55	54.20
环形车道	52.23	53.54	60.90	66.68	57.18	70.91	68.18
港口	55.14	62.83	62.00	66.25	68.10	72.94	76.12
游泳池	53.35	58.93	67.00	68.24	68.98	70.86	70.83
直升机	48.22	47.67	62.20	65.21	60.88	57.32	59.19
平均准确率	60.67	69.56	69.90	72.61	72.81	75.02	76.02

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表 2 R²-FRCNN模块分离检测结果

Table 2 R²-FRCNN module separates detection results

模块	R²-FRCNN
基准设置	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
精细调整		√	√	√	√	√	√
IRoIPool			√	√	√	√	√
RRoIPool				√	√	√	√
PFPN					√	√	√
SmoothL_n						√	√
ConvFc							√
平均准确率 (%)	69.52	73.62	73.99	74.31	74.97	75.13	75.96

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表 3 不同水平框特征提取方法的实验结果

Table 3 Experimental results of feature extraction methods of different horizontal boxes

模块	平均准确率 + 精细调整
方法	RoIPooling	RoI Align	IRoIPool
平均准确率 (%)	71.21	73.62	73.99

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表 4 不同旋转框特征提取方法的实验结果

Table 4 Experimental results of different featureextraction methods of rotated boxes

模块	平均准确率 + 精细调整 + IRoIPool
方法	RRoI A-Pooling	RRoI Align	RRoIPool
平均准确率 (%)	73.38	73.99	74.31

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