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基于草图纹理和形状特征融合的草图识别

张兴园 黄雅平 邹琪 裴艳婷

张兴园, 黄雅平, 邹琪, 裴艳婷. 基于草图纹理和形状特征融合的草图识别. 自动化学报, 2022, 48(9): 2223−2232 doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c200070
引用本文: 张兴园, 黄雅平, 邹琪, 裴艳婷. 基于草图纹理和形状特征融合的草图识别. 自动化学报, 2022, 48(9): 2223−2232 doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c200070
Zhang Xing-Yuan, Huang Ya-Ping, Zou Qi, Pei Yan-Ting. Texture and shape feature fusion based sketch recognition. Acta Automatica Sinica, 2022, 48(9): 2223−2232 doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c200070
Citation: Zhang Xing-Yuan, Huang Ya-Ping, Zou Qi, Pei Yan-Ting. Texture and shape feature fusion based sketch recognition. Acta Automatica Sinica, 2022, 48(9): 2223−2232 doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c200070

基于草图纹理和形状特征融合的草图识别

doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c200070
基金项目: 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2020YJS046), 北京市自然科学基金(M22022, L211015)和中国博士后科学基金(2021M690339)资助
详细信息
    作者简介:

    张兴园:北京交通大学计算机与信息技术学院博士研究生. 主要研究方向为深度学习, 数字图像处理和机器学习. E-mail: 15112071@bjtu.edu.cn

    黄雅平:北京交通大学计算机与信息技术学院教授. 主要研究方向为机器学习与认知计算, 人工智能及应用和数字图像处理. 本文通信作者.E-mail: yphuang@bjtu.edu.cn

    邹琪:北京交通大学计算机与信息技术学院教授. 主要研究方向为计算机视觉, 人工智能及应用和数字图像处理. E-mail: qzou@bjtu.edu.cn

    裴艳婷:北京交通大学计算机与信息技术学院讲师. 主要研究方向为计算机视觉, 人工智能及应用和数字图像处理. E-mail: ytpei@bjtu.edu.cn

Texture and Shape Feature Fusion Based Sketch Recognition

Funds: Supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2020JYS046), Natural Science Foundation of Bei-jing (M22022, L211015) and Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (2021M690339)
More Information
    Author Bio:

    ZHANG Xing-Yuan Ph.D. candidate at the School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University. His research interest covers deep learning, digital image processing and machine learning

    HUANG Ya-Ping Professor at the School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University. Her research interest covers machine learning and cognitive computing, artificial intelligence and application, and digital image processing. Corresponding author of this paper

    ZOU Qi Professor at the School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University. Her research interest covers computer vision, artificial intelligence and application, and digital image processing

    PEI Yan-Ting Lecturer at the School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University. Her research interest covers computer vision, artificial intelligence and application, and digital image processing

  • 摘要: 人类具有很强的草图识别能力. 然而, 由于草图具有稀疏性和缺少细节的特点, 目前的深度学习模型在草图分类任务上仍然面临挑战. 目前的工作只是将草图看作灰度图像而忽略了不同草图类别间的形状表示差异. 提出一种端到端的手绘草图识别模型, 简称双模型融合网络, 它可以通过相互学习策略获取草图的纹理和形状信息. 具体地, 该模型由2个分支组成: 一个分支能够从图像表示(即原始草图)中自动提取纹理特征, 另一个分支能够从图形表示(即基于点的草图)中自动提取形状特征. 此外, 提出视觉注意一致性损失来度量2个分支之间视觉显著图的一致性, 这样可以保证2个分支关注相同的判别性区域. 最终将分类损失、类别一致性损失和视觉注意一致性损失结合完成双模型融合网络的优化. 在两个具有挑战性的数据集TU-Berlin数据集和Sketchy数据集上进行草图分类实验, 评估结果说明了双模型融合网络显著优于基准方法并达到最佳性能.
  • 图  1  本文算法总体框架图

    Fig.  1  The overall framework of our method

    图  2  本文形状特征提取网络的原理框架示意图

    Fig.  2  Schematic diagram of Shape-net framework proposed in this paper

    图  3  TU-Berlin数据集上6个类别的受试者工作特征曲线及曲线下面积值

    Fig.  3  ROCs and AUC values of 6 classes in the TU-Berlin dataset

    图  4  TU-Berlin数据集上13个类别的分类准确率

    Fig.  4  Classification accuracy of 13 classes in the TU-Berlin dataset

    图  5  两种策略在草图点采样的结果示意图

    Fig.  5  The point sampling demonstration of two strategies on the sketch

    表  1  不同算法下在TU-Berlin数据集上分类准确率的比较 (%)

    Table  1  Comparison of sketch classification accuracy with different algorithms on the TU-Berlin dataset (%)

    方法图像数量
    8406472
    Eitz (KNN hard)22333638
    Eitz (KNN soft)26394344
    Eitz (SVM hard)32485353
    Eitz (SVM soft)33505555
    FV size 1639566162
    FV size 16 (SP)44606566
    FV size 2441606465
    FV size 24 (SP)43626768
    SketchPoint50687174
    AlexNet55707475
    NIN51707575
    VGGNet54677576
    GoogLeNet52697677
    Sketch-a-Net58737778
    SketchNet58747780
    Cousin Network59757880
    Hybrid CNN57758081
    LN58768282
    SSDA59768284
    DMF-Net60778586
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  在TU-Berlin数据集和Sketchy数据集上实现草图分类的网络结构分析 (%)

    Table  2  Architecture design analysis for sketch classification on TU-Berlin and Sketchy (%)

    方法TU-BerlinSketchy
    BN82.7185.75
    BN + GC83.9386.49
    BN + AC84.1287.07
    BN + CC84.7587.36
    BN + GC + CC85.4787.64
    BN + AC + CC85.5187.71
    BN + GC + AC + CC86.1288.01
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  利用双分支神经网络的草图分类准确率 (%)

    Table  3  Classification accuracy results using two-branch neural networks (%)

    方法TU-BerlinSketchy
    纹理网络81.0583.18
    形状网络70.8770.43
    基础网络82.7185.75
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  不同层的分类准确率结果 (%)

    Table  4  Classification accuracy results using given feature levels (%)

    方法TU-BerlinSketchy
    {4}85.8387.23
    {3, 4}86.0187.87
    {2, 3, 4}86.0687.93
    {1, 2, 3, 4}86.1288.01
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  2种采样策略在TU-Berlin数据集的分类准确率 (%)

    Table  5  Classification accuracy on TU-Berlin dataset using two sampling strategies (%)

    方法分类准确率
    均匀采样86.12
    随机采样86.09
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  不同采样点数对分类准确率的影响 (%)

    Table  6  Effects of the point number for the classification accuracy (%)

    数据集点数 TU-Berlin Sketchy
    32 81.87 83.37
    64 82.75 84.35
    128 83.23 84.83
    256 84.34 85.90
    512 85.42 87.36
    600 85.75 87.5
    750 86.00 88.00
    1024 86.12 88.01
    1200 86.13 88.04
    1300 86.08 88.01
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2020-02-18
  • 录用日期:  2020-05-03
  • 网络出版日期:  2022-07-07
  • 刊出日期:  2022-09-16

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