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深度EM胶囊网络全重叠手写数字识别与分离

姚红革 董泽浩 喻钧 白小军

姚红革, 董泽浩, 喻钧, 白小军. 深度EM胶囊网络全重叠手写数字识别与分离. 自动化学报, 2022, 48(12): 2996−3005 doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c190849
引用本文: 姚红革, 董泽浩, 喻钧, 白小军. 深度EM胶囊网络全重叠手写数字识别与分离. 自动化学报, 2022, 48(12): 2996−3005 doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c190849
Yao Hong-Ge, Dong Ze-Hao, Yu Jun, Bai Xiao-Jun. Fully overlapped handwritten number recognition and separation based on deep EM capsule network. Acta Automatica Sinica, 2022, 48(12): 2996−3005 doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c190849
Citation: Yao Hong-Ge, Dong Ze-Hao, Yu Jun, Bai Xiao-Jun. Fully overlapped handwritten number recognition and separation based on deep EM capsule network. Acta Automatica Sinica, 2022, 48(12): 2996−3005 doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c190849

深度EM胶囊网络全重叠手写数字识别与分离

doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c190849
详细信息
    作者简介:

    姚红革:博士, 西安工业大学计算机科学与工程学院副教授. 主要研究方向为机器学习, 计算机视觉.E-mail: yaohongge@xatu.edu.cn

    董泽浩:西安工业大学计算机科学与工程学院硕士研究生.主要研究方向为深度学习, 胶囊网络.E-mail: axxddzh@gmail.com

    喻钧:西安工业大学计算机科学与工程学院教授. 主要研究方向为图像处理, 模式识别.E-mail: yujun@xatu.edu.cn

    白小军:西安工业大学计算机科学与工程学院副教授, 电子信息现场勘验应用技术公安部重点实验室研究员. 主要研究方向为数字图像处理, 人工智能与机器学习. 本文通信作者.E-mail: baixiaojun@xatu.edu.cn

Fully Overlapped Handwritten Number Recognition and Separation Based on Deep EM Capsule Network

More Information
    Author Bio:

    YAO Hong-Ge Ph.D., associate professor at the School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an Technological University. His research interest covers machine learning and computer vision

    DONG Ze-Hao Master student at the School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an Technological University. His research interest covers deep learning and capsule network

    YU Jun Professor at the School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an Technology University. Her research interest covers image processing and pattern recognition

    BAI Xiao-Jun Associate professor at the School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, and also a researcher of the Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Processing with Applications in Crime Scene Investigation, Ministry of Public Security. His research interest covers digital image processing, artificial intelligence, and machine learning. Corresponding author of this paper

  • 摘要: 基于胶囊网络的向量神经元思想和期望最大算法(Expectation-maximization, EM), 设计了一种以EM为向量聚类算法的深度胶囊网络(Deep capsule network, DCN), 实现了重叠手写数字的识别与分离. 该网络由两部分组成, 第 1 部分是“识别网络”, 将 EM 算法改为 EM 向量聚类算法, 以替换原胶囊网络CapsNet 中的迭代路由部分, 这一改动优化了网络的运算过程, 实现了重叠数字识别. 第 2 部分是“重构网络”, 由结构完全相同的两个并行网络组成, 对双向量进行并行重构, 实现了重叠数字的分离. 实验结果显示, 对于 100% 全重叠手写数字图片本网络识别率达到了 96%, 对比CapsNet 在 80% 的重叠率下 95% 的识别率, 本文网络在难度提升的情况下, 识别率有明显提高, 能够将完全重叠的两张手写数字进行图片进行准确地分离.
  • 图  1  深度胶囊网络结构图

    Fig.  1  Deep capsule network structure diagram

    图  2  EM向量聚类算法流程图

    Fig.  2  Flow chart of EM vector clustering algorithm

    图  3  全重叠数据集

    Fig.  3  Full-overlapping dataset

    图  4  不同聚类次数下输出向量的模长

    Fig.  4  Module length of output vector under different clustering times

    图  5  DCN对全重叠手写数字的识别率与损失函数值曲线

    Fig.  5  Recognition rate and loss value curve of DCN for fully overlapped handwritten digits

    图  6  重构loss函数占比收敛对比

    Fig.  6  Comparison of proportion convergence of reconstructed loss function

    图  7  重构结果

    Fig.  7  Reconstructing results

    图  8  训练识别率

    Fig.  8  Training recognition rate

    表  1  数据集标签

    Table  1  Dataset label

    输入图像标签说明
    (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0)无叠加
    (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2)两个相同数字叠加
    (0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0)两个不同数字叠加
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  在不同聚类次数下的激活向量模长

    Table  2  Active vector module length under different clustering times

    网络结构及聚类形式所用训练集R = 1R = 2R = 3
    DCN EM 聚类/CapsNet 路由聚类MNIST数据集0.0413/0.05360.5241/0.41220.9800/0.8792
    全重叠数据集0.0332/0.04230.4342/0.58650.9943/0.8653
    混合数据集0.0323/0.03540.4543/0.32520.9923/0.9173
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  参数量与不同聚类次数下的单Epoch消耗时间(s)

    Table  3  Parameter quantity and single epoch consumption time under different clustering times (s)

    网络结构参数量聚类算法R = 1R = 2R = 3
    CapsNet8 215568迭代路由150±2210±2240±2
    DCN20128032EM240±2300±2340±2
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  DCN不同聚类算法单Epoch消耗时间(s)

    Table  4  Single epoch consumption time of different DCN clustering algorithms (s)

    聚类算法R = 1R = 2R = 3
    迭代路由350±2410±2440±2
    EM240±2300±2340±2
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  DCN识别手写数字效果对比 (%)

    Table  5  Effect comparison of handwritten digits recognized by DCN (%)

    所用训练集无重叠手写
    数字识别率
    全重叠手写
    数字识别率
    MNIST 数据集99.655.2
    全重叠手写数字数据集80.796.75
    混合数据集95.796.55
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  重叠手写数字识别率对比(R = 3) (%)

    Table  6  Comparison of recognition rate of overlapping handwritten digits (R = 3) (%)

    网络模型训练集重叠率正确率
    CapsNetMutiMNIST8095
    全重叠数据集10088
    DCN全重叠数据集10096.75
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7  全重叠手写数字分类与重构的部分结果

    Table  7  Partial results of classification and reconstruction of fully overlapped handwritten digits

    分类标签(3, 7)(9, 1)(0, 8)(0, 4)(9, 7)*(7, 9)*(7, 9)*(5, 9)•
    分类结果(3, 7)(9, 1)(8, 0)(0, 4)(7, 9)*(7, 9)*(7, 9)*(8, 9)•
    输入图片
    重构图片 1
    重构图片 2
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  8  部分识别和分离结果

    Table  8  Partial identification and separation results

    分类标签(不, 专)(下, 不)(丑, 下)(不, 丑)(下, 世)(下, 专)(王, 丑)(也, 卫)
    分类结果(不, 专)(下, 不)(丑, 下)(不, 丑)(下, 世)(下, 专)(丑, 不能确定)(不能确定, 不能确定)
    输入图片
    重构图片 1
    重构图片 2
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2019-12-18
  • 修回日期:  2020-04-16
  • 网络出版日期:  2022-10-24
  • 刊出日期:  2022-12-23

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