Hierarchical Monitoring for Multi-unit Chemical Processes Based on Local-global Correlation Features
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摘要: 针对一类多单元化工过程的监测问题, 提出基于局部−整体相关特征的分层故障检测与故障定位方法, 通过表征单元内部变量相关性、单元与单元间相关性、局部单元与过程整体相关性, 对过程运行状态进行判断, 以提升过程监测的准确性与可靠性. 首先, 采用典型相关分析, 通过引入邻域单元相关变量提取每个单元的独有特征和外部相关特征; 其次, 对每个单元的独有特征和所有单元的外部相关特征建立统计模型实现分层故障检测; 然后, 建立单元−变量分层贡献图, 对故障单元以及故障变量实现分层定位. 通过在Tennessee Eastman仿真过程和一个实验室级甘油精馏过程中的应用说明所提分层监测方法的有效性.Abstract: A hierarchical process monitoring method based on local-global correlation features is proposed for a class of multi-unit chemical processes. The process operation status is identified by characterizing the correlation within a local unit, between units, and between the local unit and the whole process, through which the monitoring reliability is enhanced. First, based on canonical correlation analysis, individual characteristics and external correlation characteristics of each unit are extracted by introducing correlated variables from neighboring units; Second, multivariate statistical monitoring models are established for individual characteristics of each unit and external correlation characteristics of all units; Then, the unit-variable hierarchical contribution plot is established to locate the fault units and fault variables hierarchically. The effectiveness of the proposed hierarchical monitoring is demonstrated through applications to the Tennessee Eastman process and a laboratory distillation process.
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图 1 基于局部−整体相关特征的分层监测设计框架
Fig. 1 Framework of the local-global correlation feature-based hierarchical monitoring
图 3 TE过程故障4的监测效果 ((a)经典CCA监测结果; (b)分层监测整体监测结果; (c)分层监测局部监测效果)
Fig. 3 Monitoring results for the TE fault 4 ((a) Conventional CCA method; (b) Global monitoring using hierarchical method; (c) Local monitoring using hierarchical method)
图 4 TE过程故障4的分层贡献图((a)
$T_{b,{\rm out}}^2$ ; (b)$T_{b,{\rm in}}^2$ ; (c)${Q_b}$ )Fig. 4 Contribution plots for the TE fault 4 ((a)
$T_{b,{\rm out}}^2$ ; (b)$T_{b,{\rm in}}^2$ ; (c)${Q_b}$ )
图 5 TE过程故障5的监测效果 ((a)经典CCA监测结果; (b)分层监测整体监测结果; (c)分层监测局部监测效果)
Fig. 5 Fault detection results for the TE fault 5 ((a) Conventional CCA method; (b) Global monitoring using hierarchical method; (c) Local monitoring using hierarchical method)
图 6 TE过程故障5的分层监测贡献图 ((a)
$T_z^2$ 和${Q_z}$ ; (b)$T_{b,{\rm out}}^2$ ; (c)$T_{b,{\rm in}}^2$ ; (d)${Q_b}$ ; (e)控制补偿后$T_{b,{\rm out}}^2$ )Fig. 6 Contribution plots for the TE fault 5 ((a)
$T_z^2$ and${Q_z}$ ; (b)$T_{b,{\rm out}}^2$ ; (c)$T_{b,{\rm in}}^2$ ; (d)${Q_b}$ ; (e)$T_{b,{\rm out}}^2$ after compensation)
图 7 实验室甘油精馏装置与流程图((a)设备图; (b)流程图)
Fig. 7 Lab-scale glycerin distillation process ((a) Equipment diagram; (b) Simplified flowchart)
图 8 精馏过程故障1的分层故障检测效果 ((a)整体监测统计量; (b)局部监测统计量)
Fig. 8 Fault detection results for the distillation process fault 1 ((a) Global monitoring statistics; (b) Local monitoring statistics)
图 9 精馏过程故障1分层监测贡献图((a)
$T_z^2$ 和${Q_z}$ ; (b)$T_{b,{\rm out}}^2$ ; (c)$T_{b,{\rm in}}^2$ )Fig. 9 Contribution plots for the distillation fault 1 ((a)
$T_z^2$ and${Q_z}$ ; (b)$T_{b,{\rm out}}^2$ ; (c)$T_{b,{\rm in}}^2$ )
图 10 精馏过程故障2的分层故障检测效果((a)整体监测统计量; (b)局部监测统计量)
Fig. 10 Fault detection results for the distillation process fault 2 ((a) Global monitoring statistics; (b) Local monitoring statistics)
表 1 TE过程的典型操作单元和对应变量
Table 1 Operation units and corresponding variables in the TE process
单元 变量描述 变量名称 符号 进料 A 进料 (流1) XMEAS(1) $\boxed1$ D 进料 (流2) XMEAS(2) $\boxed2$ E 进料 (流3) XMEAS(3) $\boxed3$ A 和 C 进料 XMEAS(4) $\boxed4$ D 进料 XMV(1) A 进料流量 XMV(3) E 进料流量 XMV(2) A 和 C 进料流量 XMV(4) 反应器 反应器进料量 XMEAS(6) $\boxed6$ 反应器压力 XMEAS(7) $\boxed7$ 反应器液位 XMEAS(8) $\boxed8$ 反应器温度 XMEAS(9) $\boxed9$ 反应器水温 XMEAS(21) $\boxed{21}$ 反应器冷却水流量 XMV(10) 冷凝器冷却水流量 XMV(11) 分离器 分离器温度 XMEAS(11) $\boxed{11}$ 分离器液位 XMEAS(12) $\boxed{12}$ 分离器压力 XMEAS(13) $\boxed{13}$ 分离器底物流量 XMEAS(14) $\boxed{14}$ 分离器水温度 XMEAS(22) $\boxed{22}$ 分离器液流量 XMV(7) 汽提塔 汽提塔液位 XMEAS(15) $\boxed{15}$ 汽提塔压力 XMEAS(16) $\boxed{16}$ 汽提塔底物流量 XMEAS(17) $\boxed{17}$ 汽提塔温度 XMEAS(18) $\boxed{18}$ 汽提塔蒸汽流量 XMEAS(19) $\boxed{19}$ 汽提塔产物流量 XMV(8) 汽提塔蒸汽阀开度 XMV(9) 压缩 再循环流量 XMEAS(5) $\boxed5$ 排放速度 XMEAS(10) $\boxed{10}$ 压缩机功率 XMEAS(20) $\boxed{20}$ 压缩机再循环阀 XMV(5) 排放阀 XMV(6) 
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表 2 分层监测对于21个故障测试集的监测效果
Table 2 Hierarchical monitoring results for the 21 faults in TE process
编码 单元及过程 进料单元 反应器单元 分离器单元 汽提塔单元 压缩单元 过程整体 故障描述/统计量 $T_{1,{\rm out}}^2$ $T_{1,{\rm in}}^2$ ${Q_1}$ $T_{2,{\rm out}}^2$ $T_{2,{\rm in}}^2$ ${Q_2}$ $T_{3,{\rm out}}^2$ $T_{3,{\rm in}}^2$ ${Q_3}$ $T_{4,{\rm out}}^2$ $T_{4,{\rm in}}^2$ ${Q_4}$ $T_{5,{\rm out}}^2$ $T_{5,{\rm in}}^2$ ${Q_5}$ $T_z^2$ ${Q_z}$ 1 A/C 进料比率, B 成分不变 (阶跃) 0.99 0.31 0.04 0.77 0.26 0.06 0.44 0.04 0.07 1 0.06 0.98 0.17 0.02 0.23 1 1 2 B 成分, A/C 进料比率不变 (阶跃) 0.92 0.02 0.27 0.95 0.22 0.03 0.92 0.14 0.06 0.99 0.06 0.89 0.99 0.01 0.42 0.98 0.98 3 D 的进料温度 (阶跃) 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.32 0.02 0.00 0.14 0.01 0.00 0.20 0 0.01 0 0.01 0.09 0.01 0.02 4 反应器冷却水入口温度 (阶跃) 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.25 0.75 1 0.12 0.00 0.01 0.21 0 0.01 0 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.06 5 冷凝器冷却水入口温度 (阶跃) 0.16 0.03 0.04 0.99 0.09 0.03 0.23 0.01 0.02 1 0.00 0.19 0.07 0.00 0.13 0.22 0.18 6 A 进料损失 (阶跃) 0.99 0.91 1 1 0.98 0.96 0.98 0.82 0.98 0.99 0.96 0.97 0.99 0.92 0.99 0.99 0.99 7 C 存在压力损失 (阶跃) 0.98 1 0.87 0.98 0.22 0.09 0.38 0.03 0.04 0.76 0.01 0.22 0.24 0.01 0.27 1 0.98 8 A、B、C 进料成分 (随机) 0.78 0.10 0.16 0.97 0.48 0.13 0.90 0.03 0.35 0.94 0.11 0.68 0.87 0.02 0.61 0.97 0.89 9 D 的进料温度 (随机) 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.27 0.02 0.01 0.14 0.01 0.01 0.16 0 0.01 0 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.02 10 C 的进料温度 (随机) 0.08 0.02 0.02 0.43 0.04 0.02 0.33 0.01 0.00 0.46 0.00 0.81 0.07 0.00 0.10 0.29 0.13 11 反应器冷却水入口温度 (随机) 0.11 0.01 0.01 0.39 0.61 0.70 0.17 0.01 0.01 0.42 0.00 0.05 0 0.01 0.02 0.20 0.27 12 冷凝器冷却水入口温度 (随机) 0.74 0.22 0.25 0.95 0.60 0.29 0.94 0.28 0.65 0.96 0.06 0.89 0.34 0.03 0.83 0.96 0.91 13 反应动态 (慢偏移) 0.77 0.19 0.30 0.92 0.72 0.39 0.89 0.10 0.48 0.95 0.24 0.86 0.85 0.03 0.89 0.94 0.95 14 反应器冷却水阀门 (粘滞) 0.75 0.01 0.00 1 0.97 0.12 0.36 0.07 0.01 0.88 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.01 1 1 15 冷凝器冷却水阀门 (粘滞) 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.29 0.02 0.01 0.18 0.00 0.01 0.23 0 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.06 16 未知 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.37 0.03 0.01 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.40 0 0.85 0.03 0.01 0.05 0.15 0.11 17 未知 0.64 0.02 0.01 0.95 0.94 0.44 0.35 0.04 0.02 0.76 0.00 0.22 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.84 0.85 18 未知 0.88 0.82 0.83 0.92 0.87 0.79 0.91 0.12 0.87 0.90 0.75 0.88 0.80 0.71 0.85 0.88 0.88 19 未知 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.24 0.08 0.01 0.14 0.01 0.01 0.16 0 0.12 0.01 0.32 0.66 0.01 0.03 20 未知 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.61 0.02 0.01 0.38 0.05 0.39 0.81 0.00 0.23 0.47 0.01 0.89 0.32 0.43 21 流 4 的阀门固定在稳态位置 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.66 0.44 0.01 0.87 0.00 0.01 0.73 0.00 0.45 0.31 0.00 0.02 0.41 0.84
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表 3 甘油精馏过程中的监测变量
Table 3 Measured variables in the distillation process
单元 1 变量名称 单元 2 变量名称 1 进料流量 1 进料储罐液位 2 灵敏板温度 2~13 塔板温度1~12 3 塔底液位 14 冷却水流量 4 塔顶回流 15 重相储灌液位 5 塔顶产品流 16 轻相储罐液位
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