Regression GAN Based Prediction for Physical Properties of Total Hydrogen in Crude Oil
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摘要: 针对生成对抗网络（Generative adversarial network，GAN）不适用于原油物性回归预测的问题，本文提出一种回归生成对抗网络（Regression GAN，RGAN）结构，该结构由生成模型G、判别模型D及回归模型R组成.通过判别模型D与生成模型G间的对抗学习，D提取原油物性核磁共振氢谱（1H NMR）谱图的潜在特征.首层潜在特征是样本空间的浅层表示利于解决回归问题，采用首层潜在特征建立回归模型R，提高了预测的精度及稳定性.通过增加条件变量和生成样本间的互信息约束，并采用回归模型R的MSE损失函数估计互信息下界，生成模型G产生更真实的样本.实验结果表明，RGAN有效地提高了原油总氢物性回归预测精度及稳定性，同时加快了生成模型的收敛速度，提高了谱图的生成质量.Abstract: In view that generative adversarial network (GAN) is not applicable to prediction of physical properties of crude oil, a novel regression GAN (RGAN) framework is proposed in this study, which consists of a generator G, a discriminator D and a regression model R. Through adversarial learning between discriminator D and generator G, D extracts a series of latent features of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) of crude oil. The first layer of latent features is shallow representation of the data space, which helps to solve the regression task. The regression model R is established using the first layer of latent features, which improves the accuracy and stability of the prediction. At the same time, the MSE loss function of the regression model R is applied to estimate the lower bound of the mutual information between conditional variables and generated samples, therefore generator G can produce more realistic samples. Experiment results demonstrate that RGAN can improve the prediction accuracy and stability of physical properties of total hydrogen in crude oil efficiently, and also improve the convergence speed of the generator as well as the quality of spectra generation.1) 本文责任编委 谭营
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图 2 基于不同特征层RGAN回归模型R的表现
Fig. 2 Performance of regression model R of RGAN based on different feature maps
图 4 超参数$\lambda{}$对生成模型G的影响
Fig. 4 Effect of hyper parameter$\lambda{}$ on generative model G
图 5 超参数$\lambda{}$对回归模型R的影响
Fig. 5 Effect of hyper parameter$\lambda{}$ on regression model R
图 6 超参数$\lambda{}$对NMR谱图生成的影响
Fig. 6 Effect of hyper parameter $\lambda{}$ on generation of $^{1}$H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum
表 1 RGAN网络结构及超参数
Table 1 The network structure and hyperparameters of RGAN
Operation Kernel Strides Feature maps BN Nonlinearity $G(z)-121 \times 1$ Input Linear(Reshape) N/A N/A 256 × ReLU Tansposed Convolution 5$\times{}$1 2$\times{}$1 128 √ ReLU Tansposed Convolution 5$\times{}$1 2$\times{}$1 64 √ ReLU Tansposed Convolution 5$\times{}$1 2$\times{}$1 1 × TANH $D(x) - 1 \times 688 \times 1$ Input Convolution $(M)$ 10$\times{}$1 2$\times{}$1 64 × Leaky ReLU Convolution 10$\times{}$1 2$\times{}$1 128 √ Leaky ReLU $C - 1 \times 177 \times 1$ Input Convolution 10$\times{}$1 2$\times{}$1 256 √ Leaky ReLU Fully Connected N/A N/A 1 024 √ Leaky ReLU Fully Connected N/A N/A 1 × NONE $R(M) - 1\times 344 \times 64$ Input Convolution 10$\times{}$1 1$\times{}$1 128 √ Leaky ReLU Fully Connected N/A N/A 1 024 √ Leaky ReLU Fully Connected N/A N/A 1 √ TANH Optimizer Adam ($\alpha{}=2\times 10^{-4}$, $\beta{}_1=0.9$, $\beta{}_2=0.999$) Batch size 32 Iterations 1 000 Leaky ReLU slope 0.2 Weight, bias initialization Isotropic Gaussian ($\mu{}=0, $ $\sigma{}=0.02$) 
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表 2 RGAN与不同预测模型的比较
Table 2 Comparison between RGAN and different prediction models
Models $R_p$ MSEP SVM 0.573 0.084 PLS 0.755 0.028 CNN 0.727 0.030 CGAN + R 0.756 0.027 RGAN $(\lambda{}=0)$ 0.768 0.026 RGAN $(\lambda{}=0.001)$ 0.787 0.024 RGAN $(\lambda{}=1)$ 0.792 0.023 RGAN $(\lambda{}=5)$ 0.776 0.025
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