Dimensionality Reduction With Extreme Learning Machine Based on Sparsity and Neighborhood Preserving
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摘要: 近邻与稀疏保持投影已被广泛应用于降维方法，通过优化得到满足近邻结构或稀疏结构的降维投影矩阵，然而这类方法多数只考虑单一结构特征.此外，多数非线性降维方法无法求出显式的映射函数，极大地限制了降维方法的应用.为克服这些问题，本文借鉴极限学习机的思想，提出面向聚类的基于稀疏和近邻保持的极限学习机降维算法（SNP-ELM）.SNP-ELM算法是一种非线性无监督降维方法，在降维过程中同时考虑数据的稀疏结构与近邻结构.在人造数据、Wine数据和6个基因表达数据上进行实验，实验结果表明该算法优于其他降维方法.Abstract: Neighborhood and sparsity structure preserving projections have been widely used in dimensionality reduction, but most of them consider single structures. Moreover, existing nonlinear DR methods can not get an accurate projection function, which limits their applications. To overcome these problems, we propose a nonlinear dimensionality reduction method SNP-ELM by extending the extreme learning machine model. SNP-ELM is a nonlinear unsupervised dimensionlity reduction method, which takes both sparsity structure and neighborhood structure into account. The experimental results on toy data, wine data and six gene expression data show that our method significantly outperforms the compared dimensionality reduction methods.1) 本文责任编委 曾志刚
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图 5 将6个数据集映射到不同维度特征空间时的聚类准确率
Fig. 5 Clustering accuracy on six gene expression data in different dimensions
图 6 聚类准确率随参数λ的变化情况 $(\delta=\eta=-0.2) $
Fig. 6 Variation of accuracy with respect of parameters $ \lambda (\delta=\eta=-0.2))$
图 7 不同$\delta$和$\eta$取值下的聚类准确率$(\lambda=0.001)$
Fig. 7 ariation of accuracy with respect of parameters $\delta $ and $ \eta(\lambda=0.001)$
表 1 基因表达数据集描述
Table 1 Summary of gene expression data sets
数据集 样本数 基因数(维数) 类别数 SRBCT 83 2 308 4 DLBCL 77 5 469 2 Prostate0 102 6 033 2 Prostate 102 10 509 2 Leukemia2 72 11 225 3 Colon 62 2 000 2 
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表 2 基因数据集上聚类准确率(%)
Table 2 Clustering accuracy comparison (variance) on gene expression data sets (%)
Data $k$-means PCA LPP NPE SPP LLE US-ELM
$(\lambda)$SNP-ELM
$(\lambda, \eta, \delta)$Leukemia2 63.89 63.89 70.72 63.89 59.72 65.83 64.44 87.17 (0.00) (0.00, 2) (3.20, 4) (0, 32) (0.00, 72) (6.65, 4) (1.34, 2) (3.56, 8) (0.0001) (0.0001, $-$1, $-$1) SRBCT 43.61 48.86 64.19 48.43 38.55 49.76 64.55 82.92 (6.27) (2.09, 83) (2.21, 83) (0.76, 8) (0.00, 2) (4.33, 8) (10.29, 8) (6.03, 8) (0.1) (0.001, $-$0.4, 0) DLBCL 68.83 68.83 63.55 69.09 74.02 72.23 76.62 86.34 (0.00) (0.00, 2) (1.86, 8) (0.82, 32) (0.00, 4) (0.00, 2) (0.00, 32) (1.78, 8) (0.0001) (0.001, 0.2, $-$0.6) Prostate0 56.86 56.83 56.86 56.86 59.80 56.96 64.09 82.92 (0.00) (0.00, 2) (0.00, 2) (0.00, 4) (0.00, 102) (0.93, 4) (5.83, 2) (2.19, 102) (0.01) (0.1, 0.2, 0.8) Prostate 63.33 63.73 59.80 59.80 56.86 59.51 67.57 82.73 (0.83) (0.00, 2) (0.00, 2) (0.00, 4) (0.00, 102) (0.93, 4) (5.83, 2) (2.19, 102) (0.0001) (1, $-$1, 0.6) Colon 54.84 54.84 54.84 56.45 64.19 59.52 67.06 85.95 (0.00) (0.00, 2) (0.00, 2) (0.00, 2) (0.68, 62) (6.99, 32) (4.19, 32) (3.69, 8) (0.0001) (0.001, $-$0.8, 1)
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