3D打印技术过程控制问题研究进展

李轩; 莫红; 李双双; 王飞跃

doi:10.16383/j.aas.2016.c150619

3D打印技术过程控制问题研究进展

doi: 10.16383/j.aas.2016.c150619

李轩^1, ,,
莫红^1,2,,
李双双^2,,
王飞跃^2,

1.
长沙理工大学电气与信息工程学院长沙 410114
2.
中国科学院自动化研究所复杂系统管理与控制国家重点实验室北京 100190

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金 61074093

国家自然科学基金 61473048

国家自然科学基金 61233008

详细信息

作者简介:
莫红长沙理工大学电气与信息工程学院副教授.2004年获中国科学院研究生院工学博士学位.主要研究方向为语言动力系统与智能计算.E-mail:mohong72@gmail.com

李双双中国科学院自动化所复杂系统管理与控制国家重点实验室助理研究员, 2007年获杭州电子科技大学自动化专业学士学位, 2010年获浙江大学控制理论与控制工程专业硕士学位, 2013年获中国科学院大学计算机应用技术专业博士学位.主要研究方向为3D打印与社会制造.E-mail:shuangshuang.li@ia.ac.cn

王飞跃中国科学院自动化研究所复杂系统管理与控制国家重点实验室研究员.国防科技大学军事计算实验与平行系统技术中心教授.中国科学院大学中国经济与社会安全研究中心教授.主要研究方向为智能系统和复杂系统的建模, 分析与控制.E-mail:feiyue.wang@ia.ac.cn

通讯作者:
李轩长沙理工大学电气与信息工程学院硕士研究生.主要研究方向为3D打印与社会制造.本文通信作者.E-mail:lixuan0125@126.com

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2015-10-15
- 录用日期: 2016-03-02
- 刊出日期: 2016-07-01

Research Progress on 3D Printing Technology Process Control Problem

LI Xuan^{1
, ,},
MO Hong^{1,2
,},
LI Shuang-Shuang^2
,,
WANG Fei-Yue^2
,

1.
School of Electric and Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114
2.
The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190

Funds:

Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China 61074093

Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China 61473048

Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China 61233008

More Information

Author Bio:
Associate professor at the College of Electric and Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology. She received her Ph. D. degree from University of Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2004. Her research interest covers linguistic dynamic systems and intelligent computing

Assistant professor at the State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He received his bachelor degree in automation from Hangzhou Dianzi University, master degree in control theory and control engineering from Zhejiang University, and Ph. D. degree in technology of computer applications from University of Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2007, 2010 and 2013, respectively. His research interest covers 3D printing and social manufacturing

Professor at the State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He is also a Professor at the Research Center of Computational Experiments and Parallel Systems, National University of Defense Technology, as well as at China Economic and Social Security Research Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences. His research interest covers modeling, analysis, control of intelligent, and complex systems

Corresponding author: LI Xuan Master student at the College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology. His research interest covers 3D printing and social manufacturing. Corresponding author of this paper

摘要

摘要: 3D打印技术是一种新兴的增材制造技术，许多人认为是一项将要改变世界的“破坏性”技术，并声称该技术将引发新一轮工业革命.本文根据3D打印技术涉及的不同核心成型技术、材料和设备体积等，介绍了3D打印技术的不同分类，综述了主流3D打印过程控制技术，指出了3D打印技术的控制系统存在的问题并提出了产业化进程中的建议和意见.
- 3D打印 /
- 增材制造 /
- 控制系统 /
- 产业化进程
Abstract: 3D printing is a new add manufacturing technology, and many people think it is a "destructive" technology that will change the world, claim it will trigger a new round of industrial revolution. According to 3D printing technology involved in different core forming technologies, materials and equipment volumes, this paper introduces the different classifications of 3D printing technology, overviews the mainstream 3D printing technology control system, discusses the problems existing in the control system of 3D printing, and provides suggestions and advices for the process of industrialization.
- 3D printing technique /
- add manufacturing technology /
- control system /
- the process of industrialization

HTML全文

图 1 3D打印市场的行业应用份额

Fig. 1 The industry application shares of 3D printing market

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图 2 3D打印过程控制系统分类

Fig. 2 The classification of 3D printing process control system

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图 3 熔融沉积成型控制系统

Fig. 3 FDM control system

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图 4 表 3中的路径图案

Fig. 4 Path patterns in Table 3

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图 5 DSP-2 RCP方框图

Fig. 5 DSP-2 RCP block scheme

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图 6 光聚合成型控制系统

Fig. 6 SLA forming control system

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图 7 F-Theta透镜聚焦方式

Fig. 7 F-Theta lens focusing method

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图 8 瀑布式光敏树脂涂层装置

Fig. 8 Photosensitive resin recoating device of waterfall type

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图 9 树脂铺洒速度过快形成后跟现象

Fig. 9 Resin spread fast forming the heel phenomenon

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图 10 立体光固化技术成型流程图

Fig. 10 Stereo lithography appearance molding chart

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图 11 激光粉末成型技术控制系统

Fig. 11 Selective laser sintering forming control system

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图 12 三缸铺粉循环系统

Fig. 12 Three cylinders assist powder recycle system

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图 13 NIR图像在预热阶段低温区间

Fig. 13 Low temperature range of NIR images at pre-heating phases

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图 14 NIR图像在预热阶段中温区间

Fig. 14 Medium temperature range of NIR images at pre-heating phases

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表 1 3D打印技术的分类

Table 1 The classification of 3D printing technology

成型方式（材料）	成型方式名称	3D打印成型技术
熔挤压（热塑性塑料）	熔融沉积成型技术	FDM熔融沉积成型技术
层压（纸、金属膜、塑料薄膜）	分层直接成型技术	LOM分层实体制造技术
粉末粘接（石膏、陶瓷粉末）	粉末粘接成型技术	3DP三维打印粘接成型技术
光聚合（液态光敏树脂）	光聚合成型技术	SLA立体光固化技术，DLP数字光处理技术PloyJet多头喷射技术
粉末烧结/熔融（金属、合金、热塑性、陶瓷等粉末）	激光粉末成型技术	SLS选择性激光烧结技术，DMLS直接金属激光烧结技术SLM选择性激光熔化成型技术，EBM电子束熔炼技术

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表 2 参数V, N, ΔP₁和喷嘴孔直径d₀稳定喷射关系

Table 2 The stable jetting relations of the parameters V, N, ΔP₁ and diameter d₀ of the nozzle orifice

实例	流速V (mm/s)	功率N (kW)	压力ΔP₁ (mbar)	直径知d₀ (mm)
1	30	2.13	170	217
2	34	2.13	180	225
3	28	2.07	180	194
4	28	2.07	190	193
5	32	1.99	300	181
6	26	1.96	320	169
7	26	1.96	360	149
8	30	1.96	290	178

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表 3 已存在的混合路径算法和所提出算法的路径比较

Table 3 Comparison of the proposed method with the existing hybrid method

混合路径算法			所提出算法
路径图案	步数	路径元素	路径图案	步数	路径元素
图 4图案1	6	120	图 4图案2	1	59
图 4图案3	9	298	图 4图案4	1	108

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表 4 振镜校正实验数据

Table 4 Vibrating mirror calibration experiment data

试验次数	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
第一次X	149.8	0	149.7	149.8	0	149.6	150.3
第一次Y	149.7	150	149.8	0	0	0	150.2
第二次X	150	0	150.2	150.1	0	150.2	149.7
第二次Y	150.2	149.9	150.1	0	0	0	149.8

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