摘要:
本文论证了约在两千年以前我们祖先所发明和使用的指南车,是一个按扰动调节原理工作的开环自动调节系统。北宋时代(九百年以前)的苏颂和韩公廉,在他们创造发明的水运仪象台里,使用了一个天衡装置,它是一个按被调量的偏差进行调节的自动调节器。文中探讨了这两个系统的结构图和传递函数。此外,本文还介绍了铜壶滴漏装置和水运仪象台枢轮转速恒定系统,它们都是参数恒定系统,能够自动补偿其些外界扰动作用对于被调量的影响。本大最后分析研究了我国古代各种类型的自动装置,认为可以将它们划分为自动检测与自动传送、开环自动控制、开环或闭环自动调节、开环程序控制、参数恒定系统和模拟研究等六类,从而论断:与其他国家相比,我国古代在自动学方面的成就是非常突出的。
Abstract:
In this paper it is demonstrated that the south-pointing-chariot invented about twothousand years ago is an open-loop regulating system based on the disturbance compensa-tion principle. And about nine hundred years ago in North-Song Dynasty, Su Sung andHan Kung-lien built a water-powered astronomical apparatus, in which a balancing de-vice, an automatic controller activated by the error of the regulated variables, was used.The block diagrams and transfer functions of these two systems are given in this paper. Two parameter stabilizing systems, namely, the water clock and the constant speeddriving system in the water-powered astronomical apparatus are also introduced. Inboth cases, the influence of the external disturbances upon the stabilized variables areautomatically compensated. The author analysed the various automatic equipments in Ancient China andgrouped them into six classes: automatic transducing and signalling system, open-loopcontrol system, open and closed-loop regulating system, open-loop programming system,parameter stabilizing system and simulation of the systems. It is concluded that achieve-ments in automatics in Ancient China was quite significant compared with the situationthen existing in other countries.
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